Tower herb

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Tower herb
Towerwort (Arabis glabra)

Towerwort ( Arabis glabra )

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden II
Order : Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family : Cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae)
Genre : Turritis
Type : Tower herb
Scientific name
Turritis glabra
( L. )
Illustration of turritis glabra

The Arabis glabra ( Arabis glabra ), also tower cress or Kahle Gänsekresse called, is a flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae (Brassicaceae). The common name tower herb and the botanical genus name Turritis was given to this plant species because of its tall, rigid growth (Latin turris for tower). The specific epithet glabra means bald or hairless.

features

The tower herb grows as an upright, annual or mostly biennial, rarely deciduous herbaceous plant that persists for a few years and reaches heights of about 40 cm to 120 (30 to 150) cm. While the basal leaves are dentate and appear rough due to fork and star hairs, the bluish-greenish stem leaves are whole, heart-shaped and hairless.

The flowering period extends from May to July. The inflorescence is profuse. The hermaphrodite flowers are fourfold. The four free sepals are (rarely 2.5 to) 3 to 5 × 0.5 to 1.2 mm in size. The four yellowish-white petals are about 4 to 8.5 mm long and 1.3 to 1.7 mm wide. The two short stamens are 2.5 to 4.5 mm and the four long ones are 3.5 to 6.5 mm. The anthers are 0.7 to 1.5 mm long. The stylus is about 2 mm long. The stamp is 0.5 to 0.8 (rarely up to 1) mm long.

The fruits are 4 to 7 cm long pods that are characteristically square and upright on the stem. The valves of the fruit are strongly convex , with a strong median nerve. Each pod contains many seeds. The seeds are in two rows in each compartment. The fruits are much longer than the stalk. The brown seeds are 0.6 to 1.2 × 0.5 to 0.9 mm in size. It spreads by wind.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 12 (also 16.32).

ecology

The tower herb is a biennial hemicryptophyte with blue-green leaves all year round. The flowers are "plate flowers" with insect pollination and self-pollination . The flowering period extends from May to July. The pods are animal and wind spreaders. Fruit ripening takes place from July, August.

Occurrence

The tower herb is widespread in Eurasia. In Europe it occurs from northern Scandinavia to Greece. It is also a common neophyte in the United States and Canada.

The tower herb often colonizes nutrient-rich perennial and perennial weed meadows, but has avoided nutrient-poor, often lime-rich, dry to moist, sandy areas through over-fertilization. The species is currently in decline in Central Europe. In some German federal states it is already on the red list.

use

Tea can be made from the leaves. Medicinal effects were examined.

Systematics

Turritis glabra was published by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 2, 666 in 1753 . Synonyms for Turritis glabra L. are: Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. , Arabis perfoliata Lam. , Arabis pseudoturritis Boissier & Heldreich , Turritis glabra var. Lilacina O.E. Schulz , Turritis pseudoturritis (Boissier & Heldreich) Velenovsky .

Common names

For tower herb, the names tower cabbage , tower mustard , Thuraköhl ( Alsace , Thuringia ), Thurnkraut ( Silesia ) and Thurn mustard (Alsace) are or were, in some cases only regionally, in use.

photos

  • Basal and stem leaves

  • Stem-embracing stem leaves

  • inflorescence

  • pod

  • Seeds

literature

  • Tai-yien Cheo, Lianli Lu, Guang Yang, Ihsan Al-Shehbaz & Vladimir Dorofeev: Brassicaceae in the Flora of China , Volume 8, Page 131: Turritis glabra - Online.
  • SMH Jafri: Brassicaceae in the Flora of Pakistan : Turritis glabra - Online.
  • Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
  • Gustav Hegi : Illustrated Flora of Central Europe , Volume IV Part 1, Second Edition, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich 1958.
  • Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (Ed.): Excursion flora from Germany . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 10th edited edition. tape 4 : Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . Elsevier, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich / Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1496-2 .
  • SI Warwick, IA Al-Shehbaz: Brassicaceae: Chromosome number index and database on CD-Rom , In: Plant Systematics and Evolution , Volume 259, 2006, pp. 237-248. doi : 10.1007 / s00606-006-0421-1
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b see Hegi, Volume IV / 1, second edition, page 239
  2. ↑ a b Bald rock cress, tower herb, tower cress - botany in the picture in Flora of Austria.
  3. ↑ see Warwick and Al-Shehbaz
  4. ↑ Entry in Plants for a Future. (engl.)
  5. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 37, online.

Web links

Commons : Towerwort ( Arabis glabra )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files