New Guinea Araucaria
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New Guinea Araucaria ( Araucaria cunninghamii ) |
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| Araucaria cunninghamii | ||||||||||||
| Aiton ex D.Don |
The Araucaria cunninghamii ( Araucaria cunninghamii ) is a plant from the genus of Araukarien ( Araucaria ) in the family of Araucariaceae (Araucariaceae). The Araucaria cunninghamii is native to New Guinea and northeastern Australia .
description
The New Guinea Araucaria grows as an evergreen tree and reaches heights of up to 60 meters. A trunk circumference of over 100 centimeters is achieved. The tree can reach an age of 450 years. The bark of the trunk is copper-colored on young trees, with age it becomes gray-brown to dark gray, rough and cross-ribbed; it comes off in thin horizontal bands. The bark is very resinous. The crown of the tree is rather cylindrical in the young tree; older trees form a flattened crown tip. Small twigs are piled at the end of the branch on long main shoots. The branches of the fresh shoot are up to 2 centimeters thick.
The foliage has two different types. The leaves of young trees and flat side branches are loosely arranged, needle-shaped, crescent-shaped, curved, awl-shaped or more triangular. They are 0.7 to 1.7 inches long and about 2.5 millimeters wide at the base. They are pointed with a spiky tip. The stomata run abaxially , but are not very pronounced. The second leaf shape occurs in adult trees on the emerging and cone-bearing branches. These leaves are densely arranged and overlap one another; they are curved upwards, shiny and gray-green on the abaxial side. They are egg-shaped to triangular, 0.6 to 2 inches long and about 4 millimeters wide at the base; they have stomata on both sides.
The New Guinea araucarias are single sexed ( monoecious ); it can take more than 200 years for cones to begin production. The male cones sit on the branch ends; they are cylindrical to ovoid or ellipsoid, 2 to 3 inches long and 5 to 7 millimeters thick. They have short bracts and 10 scales. The microsporophylls are blunt rhombic. The female cones are egg-shaped to ellipsoid, symmetrical, 6 to 10 inches long and 5 to 8 inches wide. The cone scales are narrow obovat. They have recurved spinous processes which are longer in the Australian variety than in the papuana variety in New Guinea. The seeds are ellipsoidal, 1.5 inches long and 6 to 7 millimeters wide. The seed has a narrow wing; the seeds are spread by the wind.
The seedling has two cotyledons and germinates epigeously.
Occurrence
The home of the New Guinea Araucaria is in Australia and New Guinea . The type variety Araucaria cunninghamii var. Cunninghamii (see chapter Systematics) is native to Australia in north-eastern New South Wales and in eastern Queensland . The distribution area extends from northern Queensland south to Coffs Harbor in New South Wales. The habitats are in coastal tropical and subtropical rainforests at altitudes from sea level up to 1000 meters; rather dry locations with relatively poor or stony soils are preferred. The variety Araucaria cunninghamii var. Papuana has natural habitats in New Guinea in the Arfak Mountains in the western part of the island.
Araucaria cunninghamii is now also planted in other parts of Australia and China.
Systematics
According to WCSP, this species was identified by Mudie in 1829 as Araucaria cunninghamii in The Picture of Australia, p. 133 first described. Other descriptions followed later: For example, according to the information in the Kew Checklist 1837 in the work A description of the genus Pinus by AB Lambert (which Lambert published in several editions , partly in collaboration with David Don ). According to information from GRIN, however, there were corresponding publications by Lambert and Sweet as early as 1832 and 1830.
Two varieties are distinguished within the species:
- Araucaria cunninghamii Mudie var. Cunninghamii
- Araucaria cunninghamii var. Papuana Lauterb.
The nominate form is native to Australia, whereas the variety Araucaria cunninghamii var. Papuana is found on the island of New Guinea . It is possible that the population on Magnetic Island is considered to be another variety Araucaria cunninghamii var. Glauca (Antoine) Endl. 1847 to view.
The English botanist Allan Cunningham (1791–1839) is honored with the species epithet cunninghamii .
Within the genus of the Araucaria ( Araucaria ), Araucaria cunninghamii is placed in the Eutacta section together with the Norway fir ( Araucaria heterophylla ) native to the Norfolk Island and 13 species endemic to New Caledonia .
Synonyms for Araucaria cunninghamii are Altingia cunninghamii (Mudie) Corrie 1834, Eutacta cunninghamii (Mudie) Link 1842 and Eutassa cunninghamii (Mudie) G.Don 1839.
use
The wood is tinted pale yellow-brown with a fine grain; it is used as furniture wood and for floors; In the past, matches and boxes were also made from it.
swell
- Christopher J. Earle: Araucaria cunninghamii. In: The Gymnosperm Database. December 12, 2010, accessed October 21, 2011 .
- Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Robert R. Mill: Araucaria cunninghamii . In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , pp. 9 (English).
- Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica: The ABC of Plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ The Flora of China even speaks of up to 70 meters, see entry . In the Botanica, on the other hand, heights of growth are only given up to 35 meters.
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Araucaria. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved March 16, 2019.
- ↑ Araucaria cunninghamii in the Kew Checklist.
- ↑ AB Lambert: Descr. Pinus ed. 2, 3: t. 79.
- ↑ Araucaria cunninghamii in GRIN : AB Lambert, Descr. Pinus ed. 3, 2: unnumbered pages, 1832 - Sweet: Hort. brit. ed. 2: 475. 1830, nom. nud.
- ↑ generic entry Araucaria at Kew Checklist (in search box "Araucaria" Enter).
- ↑ Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50: 51 (1914).
- ↑ Entry in ASGAP ( Memento of the original dated December 3, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English).
Web links
- Araucaria cunninghamii onthe IUCN 2013 Red List of Threatened Species . Posted by: Thomas, P., 2010. Retrieved November 27, 2013.