Archanes
|
Archanes parish Δημοτική Ενότητα Αρχανών (Αρχάνες) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
|
|||
| Basic data | |||
| State : |
 Greece
|
||
| Region : |
Crete
|
||
| Regional District : | Heraklion | ||
| Municipality : | Archanes-Asterousia | ||
| Geographic coordinates : | 35 ° 14 ' N , 25 ° 10' E | ||
| Height above d. M .: | 388 m (average) |
||
| Area : | 31.516 km² | ||
| Residents : | 5,042 (2011) | ||
| Population density : | 160 people / km² | ||
| Code No .: | 710202 | ||
| Structure: |
1 city district 1 local community |
||
| Located in Archanes-Asterousia Municipality and Heraklion Regional Unit | |||
 |
|||
Archanes ( Greek Αρχάνες ( f. Pl. )) Is a municipality in the municipality of Archanes-Asterousia in Crete . Archanes is about twelve kilometers south of Heraklion at the foot of Mount Giouchtas . Archanes is home to around 5000 inhabitants and consists of the villages of Kato Archanes and Epano Archanes (Ano Archanes) with five other small settlements.
Epano Archanes, recognized as a rural community (kinotita) in 1925, was elevated to a municipal community (dimos) in 1947 and renamed Archanes. 1997 Kato Archanes was incorporated. On January 1, 2011, this municipality became part of the newly created municipality of Archanes-Asterousia , in which Archanes has since formed a municipality.
history
The syllable “Arch”, also “Ach”, seems to refer to water, and in fact Archanes has a small river and a lot of water and this probably already in ancient times. The local mountain Giouchtas (811 m) is called the tomb of Zeus because of its profile. The name Giouchtas comes from Venetian times and is said to go back to "Jupiter". In ancient times he was called Ίυττός.
The excavations and finds in Archanes and the surrounding area show that the place was already in Minoan times in the 16th century BC. Was densely populated. A three-story palace was excavated in the middle of the village, but only to a small extent; other buildings are believed to be under the houses of Archanes. At the Minoan cemetery Fourni - between Kato and Ano Archanes - ivory idols and carvings were found, which speaks for relations with Syria and Egypt.
South of the Giouchtas is the Minoan estate Vathypetro with its well-preserved oil and wine press, the oldest in Crete. On the "chin" of the Giouchtas, the northern ridge near the Anemospilia , the "wind caves", the archaeologist couple Sakellarakis discovered a small temple, which was probably destroyed by an earthquake at the exact moment when a human sacrifice was carried out there.
There are some churches from Byzantine times in Archanes and the surrounding area. Under the Venetians, the aqueduct was built on the road to Knossos , which supplied Heraklion with water from the Giouchtas. The Ottoman period left behind the "Tourkogitonia", the Turkish quarter in which mostly Turks lived at that time.
After many Archaniotes emigrated in the first two decades of the 20th century, many Greeks who had been expelled from Asia Minor moved in after 1922 . They mainly settled in the western part at the foot of the Giouchtas, in the Synikismos quarter.
In the following years the school at the entrance to the village was completed, Archanes was electrified (1926), a winter cinema opened, the first water supply network was set up (1927) and the agricultural cooperative was founded (1931).
During the German occupation, the headquarters of the 22nd Infantry Division and a temporary military hospital were stationed in Archanes . The kidnapping of the German General Kreipe , one of the most spectacular resistance actions, began on April 26, 1944 near Archanes.
Economy and Infrastructure
Archanes lives from wine and olive cultivation , processing and marketing. Both products account for about half of the total amount of agricultural produce. Grapes are grown for table grapes, raisins, and for winemaking . The Archanes Agricultural Cooperative, founded in 1931, is one of the oldest in Greece, with 1119 members. A quarter of the wine production is exported to Germany, France and the Netherlands, the rest of the production is largely marketed domestically. Since the late 1990s, attempts have been made to gradually convert parts of viticulture to organic and integrated cultivation, starting with the cultivation of table grapes. Initiated by the community, a non-profit organization for integrated agriculture was founded in 2003, whose 165 members are producers of table grapes. Three companies deal with the processing and distribution of herbs, spices, mushrooms and traditional products.
The municipality has made considerable efforts to improve the appearance of the place and the quality of life with the support of EU programs. Numerous mansions (archontics) were restored, house paintings and hand-painted shop signs promoted, a folklore and an archaeological museum set up and local statutes ensured that new buildings were built according to their architecture. For example, tiled roofs are required for new buildings, otherwise the house will not have an electricity connection.
The community was awarded second place in the competition of the European Union for agricultural development and upgrading of villages European Village 2000 , first place in the category for an integrated and sustainable growth of excellent quality, and the Golden Environment Prize 2001 Eleftherios Platakis of the University of Crete for measures excellent for environmental and nature protection and maintenance of the building fabric.
Because of these activities and because of the archaeological finds in and around Archanes, the place became interesting for tourists, so that new hotels and pensions are opened. The population of the place rises due to influx and the construction industry grows with numerous new buildings and restoration work.
traffic
The old road connection from Heraklion to Archanes leads past Knossos and the Venetian aqueduct. A new, freeway-like road ( Viomichaniki , "industrial road" called) branches off from New Road near the airport and leads through the Heraklion industrial zone to Archanes. The road leads through Kato Archanes to Ano Archanes via Patsides , at the confluence of the street with a striking sculpture that is reminiscent of the Kreipe kidnapping. A bypass road has existed since 2007, which bypasses the town to the west shortly before the entrance to Ano Archanes and joins the local thoroughfare again on the southern slope of the Giouchtas.
Buses run to Heraklion every hour, the journey time is about half an hour.
Public facilities
Located in Archanes is the Anaptyxiaki Irakliou ( Greek Αναπτυξιακή ίρακλείου Entwicklungs.Ε. , "Heraklion Development Corporation" ), a stock corporation that is responsible for the entire prefecture of Heraklion. Its shares are held by 24 municipalities in the prefecture, the TEDK, seven agricultural or small industrial cooperatives and a bank. Their tasks include supporting local self-government, growth planning, management of national and EU projects, technical assistance in the areas of further training and improvement of the quality of life as well as initiatives in the area of environmental protection, the preservation of cultural heritage and cooperation within the region.
Culture
Ano Archanes has a municipal summer cinema called Paradissos , which is a member of the summer cinema network of the Ministry of Culture. Concerts and theater performances take place in the schoolyard of the old elementary school in summer and in the auditorium of the new elementary school in winter. An open-air theater opened in June 2008 in Kato Archanes, near the Fourni necropolis. Various educational and cultural associations regularly offer events and excursions.
The community of Archanes, the educational association, the center for open work with the elderly (KAPI) and the parish have published a total of more than 50 books and brochures about the history, the buildings and the traditions of the place. A considerable proportion of these publications, especially on recent history and folklore, were written by the two former teachers Eleni Doundoulaki and Irini Tachataki .
Sports
Archanes has a soccer field with a basketball field and 300 seats as well as a sports hall with 650 seats with an attached sports studio, which can be used free of charge by residents of the community.
Tourism and sightseeing
Archanes has seven hotels or traditional guest houses with a total of around a hundred beds (as of autumn 2007). Around 20 taverns or restaurants and five traditional kafenia attract numerous guests from Heraklion, especially on the weekends.
The place and the surrounding area offer a number of attractive destinations for visitors to Crete:
Archaeological sites
- Tomb (Fourni), a necropolis from the Bronze Age
- the Minoan temple of Anemospilia , where a human sacrifice is said to have taken place in Minoan times
- the excavation of a Minoan palace in the Tourkogitonia district
- the villa in Vathypetro with Minoan oil and wine press just before the village of Vathypetro, in which many Archaniotes maintain summer houses
- the Minoan summit sanctuary on the northern summit of the Giouchtas
- the Archaeological Museum
Folklore museums
- in front of Kato Archanes the Mousio Kritisis Istorias ke Paradosis , the Museum of History and Tradition of Crete (Psaltakis Museum) with an open-air exhibition and a section on the German occupation of Crete
- the Folklore Museum in the center of Ano Archanes
- the Fabrika Eleni , a 1870 built on the ruins of a Minoan wall "factory" with an old oil press, which was powered by horses, now a restaurant with exhibition space, is played in the weekly traditional Cretan music
Churches
- Agios Georgios from the 14th century in the center of Archanes
- Kimisis Tis Theotokou ("Assumption of Mary") or simply Panagia ("Madonna") called, at the entrance to the village, built around 1670, today also an exhibition room for valuable icons and church utensils
- Agios Nikolaos , cathedral in the center of Archanes, built in 1857
Chapels outside the village
- Michail Archangelos from 1315 in the Asomatos district
- Afendis Christos from 1443 on the southern summit of the Giouchtas (about an hour's walk from Archanes, also accessible by vehicle via a gravel road)
In the neighborhood
- the Instrument Museum and the Musical Workshop Labyrinth by Ross Daly in Choudetsi in the neighboring district of Nikos Kazantzakis
- the Kazantzakis Museum in Myrthia (municipality of Nikos Kazantzakis)
- the Venetian aqueduct (built 1626–1628) at the Agia Irini gorge, over which the water from Mount Giouchtas was directed to the Morosini fountain in Heraklion
education
Archanes has a kindergarten, two all-day preschools, two all-day elementary schools, a grammar school (grades 7–9) and two high schools (grades 10–12).
In 2003 a regional center of the Greek Open University of Crete (PEK-EAP.) Was opened in the neoclassical building of the old primary school at the entrance to the town . The Open University offers diploma and postgraduate courses in distance learning and face-to-face phases, the degrees of which are equivalent to those of other Greek universities. A university for educational and technical training has also been located in the same building since 2005. It also houses the Archanes Center for Environmental Education , which offers teachers and school classes information on pollution and biodiversity, tourism and the environment and on the subject of "Why are the birds of prey disappearing?"
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
The Greek MEP Stavros Arnaoutakis ( PASOK ) comes from Archanes and has his electoral office there. From 1991 to 2004 he was mayor of Archanes.
Personalities who have worked on site
The archaeologist couple Efi and Giannis Sakellarakis have conducted some important excavations in the area of Archanes (necropolis Fourni, Minoan temple Anemospilia, palace in Archanes) and live there for a while.
The musician Ross Daly, of Irish descent, born in England and has lived in Crete since 1975, also lives in Archanes. He is one of the most famous Cretan musicians, plays a variety of instruments and works on tours and in the Musical Workshop Labyrinth in Choudetsi, near Archanes, with artists from all over the world to find new ways in traditional musical forms. In Choudetsi Daly has set up an Instrument Museum.
The sculptor Manolis Tsompanakis, who u. a. who created the sculptures at the intersection of the Kreipe kidnapping and in front of the Nikos Kazantzakis Museum in Myrtia , has his studio in Archanes.
literature
- George Harokopos: The Abduction of General Kreipe . Kouvidis Manouras, Iraklio 2002, ISBN 960-86883-4-5 .
- Efi Sapouna-Sakellarakis, Jannis Sakellarakis: Archanes. Archanes excavation. Athens Academy Prize 1983 . Ekdotete Athenon, Athens 1991, ISBN 960-213-246-9 ( Ekdoteke Athenon. Travel Guide ).
Web links
- Pinacas Archanes
- Website of Ross Daly with information about Labyrinth Musical Workshop Houdetsi (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Results of the 2011 census at the National Statistical Service of Greece (ΕΣΥΕ) ( Memento from June 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (Excel document, 2.6 MB)
- ↑ Pinakas: Interview with ex-mayor Kalopsikakis
- ↑ Website of the Αναπτυξιακή Ηρακλείου Α.Ε. (English, Greek)
- ^ Website of the EU Parliament