Arktika class
 Type ship Arktika
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The Arktika- class is a Russian (formerly Soviet ) series of nuclear-powered icebreakers . The six ships in this class are among the largest and most powerful of their kind and are among the ten non-military ships in Russia that are equipped with nuclear reactors . The owner is the Russian Federation , the ship management is done by the " Atomflot " (Murmansk Shipping Company).
Ship technology
hull
The hull of the ships is double-walled and divided into nine sections. The material thickness of the cast steel bow is up to 50 cm. Depending on the application load, the wall thickness of the outer shell is between 25 and 48 mm. Between the two hulls is seawater, which both acts as ballast and helps ice breakage by shifting. In addition, the ships have combined air / water nozzles on the underside of the hull . They are about nine meters below the surface of the water and eject up to 24 m³ of water per second. Some ships of this class have a polymer jacket to minimize friction. It is possible to break the ice while traveling forwards and backwards.
Machine system and drive
The Arktika- class icebreakers have two pressurized water reactors of the type OK-900A, of which only one is operated at a time. The thermal output of a reactor is 171 MW. Each reactor has a weight of around 160 tons and is located in a hermetically sealed compartment with reduced air pressure . The shielding is done with steel, concrete and water. With a consumption of 200 grams of uranium per day, the ships can be operated for four years without interruption. In the event of an emergency shutdown , the atomic chain reaction is ended within 0.6 seconds. Sensors are installed on the ships that constantly monitor the radioactivity on board.
Since the Arktika- class atomic icebreakers absolutely need cold seawater to cool their reactors, these ships cannot be used in Antarctica, as tropical waters would have to be crossed for this.
The steam generated in the reactor is fed to two turbine sets, which develop a total mechanical output of 55.2 MW (75,000 PS) and each drive three direct current generators . These generators only supply the three electric propeller motors ( nuclear or turbo-electric drive ), which act on the 20 meter long shafts on the four-blade fixed propellers, each weighing 50 tons. With a propeller speed between 120 and 180 / min a speed of up to 21.4 knots (approx. 40 km / h) is achieved. The starboard and middle propellers are clockwise, the port propeller is counterclockwise. For the on-board power supply, five additional steam turbines with generators are installed that generate an electrical output of 10 MW.
Originally, the ships were designed for an operating time of 100,000 reactor hours. However, the operating time has now been extended to 175,000 hours.
equipment
Some icebreakers of this class are equipped with a helicopter landing deck and carry one or two Kamow Ka-32 helicopters .
commitment
The main task of the icebreaker is to ensure ship traffic in the Arctic Ocean . The icebreakers are also used for research missions. The ships are able to break ice sheets up to a thickness of five meters.
The Arktika reached the North Pole on August 17, 1977 as the first surface ship . Since the Rossiya first brought foreign passengers to the North Pole in 1990 , the ships have also been used for expedition cruises. The Sovetskiy Soyuz and the Yamal now take passengers to the North Pole several times a year.
Overview
| Surname | image | Construction number / project number | IMO | delivery | measurement | Length ( Lüa ) | Status / whereabouts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arktika |
|
1052-1 | 7429061 | 1974 | 20,665 GT | 147.9 m | Type ship, launched since October 3, 2008 |
| Sibir |
|
1052-2 | 7604491 | 1977 | 20,665 GT | 148.9 m | planned for demolition since 2008 |
| Rossiya |
|
702 | 8424240 | Dec 1985 | 20,680 GT | 150.0 m | launched since July 10, 2013 |
| Sovetskiy Soyuz |
|
703 | 8838582 | Dec 1989 | 20,646 GT | 147.9 m | Launched since 2014, planned for demolition since 2017 |
| Yamal |
|
704 | 9077549 | Oct 1992 | 20,646 GT | 150.0 m | in service |
| 50 Let Pobedy |
|
705 | 9152959 | March 2007 | 23,439 GT | 159.6 m | in service since April 2, 2007; originally Urals |
Web links
- Technical information ( Memento of September 4, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c Equasis - France Ministry for Transport: Administrative data. Retrieved August 30, 2012 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g GlobalSecurity.org: Project 10520 Arktika. Retrieved August 30, 2012 .
- ^ A b Russian Maritime Register of Shipping: "50 Let Pobedy". Retrieved October 10, 2011 .
- ^ A b Russian Maritime Register of Shipping: "Rossiya". Retrieved August 30, 2012 .
- ↑ Russian Maritime Register of Shipping: Official homepage. Retrieved August 30, 2012 .
- ↑ Russia builds world's biggest nuclear icebreaker. In: Pravda.ru. Retrieved October 10, 2011 .
- ↑ Ole Reistad, Povl L. Ølgaard: Inventory and Source Term Evaluation of Russian Nuclear Power Plants for Marine Applications . In: NKS Reports . ( nks.org [PDF]).
- ^ Paul Ward: The Yamal, a Nuclear Powered Icebreaker. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on December 19, 2008 ; Retrieved June 14, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ RHK: Atomic icebreakers have been in operation since 1959 . In: Hamburger Abendblatt . June 26, 2006 ( abendblatt.de ).
- ↑ Атомный ледокол "Советский Союз" пустят "на иголки" . Severpost.ru, August 31, 2017.
