Artheneidae

Artheneidae
Systematics
Class :	Insects (Insecta)
Order :	Schnabelkerfe (Hemiptera)
Subordination :	Bed bugs (heteroptera)
Partial order :	Pentatomomorpha
Superfamily :	Lygaeoidea
Family :	Artheneidae
Scientific name
	Artheneidae
	Stål , 1872

The Artheneidae are a family of bedbugs (Heteroptera) within the suborder Pentatomomorpha . Until the revision of the Pentatomomorpha with a focus on the Lygaeoidea by Henry in 1997, it was a subfamily of the ground bugs (Lygaeidae) and was then placed in the family rank. It comprises 8 genera and 20 species. In Europe, 8 species are represented, two of which occur in Central Europe.

features

The small bugs are 2.5 to 4 millimeters long and have an elongated, egg-shaped body. Most of the species have fully developed wings (macropter) and have a strongly punctiform structure on the back. Trichobothria are missing on the head . The lateral margins of the pronotum are flattened outwards. The hind wings have a hamus and intervannal veins. Laterotergites on the abdomen are missing. The spiracles on the third to the seventh abdominal segment are ventral , on the second in most species dorsal , with the exception of the Dilompinae , where they are also ventral. In females, the seam between sternas four and five on the abdomen is not fused. The nymphs have three scent glands dorsally on the abdomen.

distribution

The family is mostly found in the Palearctic . In the southern hemisphere they are only found in eastern Australia and New Zealand, one species is common in the north of the Neotropic . In the eastern United States and in tropical Africa representatives of the family were brought in.

Way of life

Most of what is known about the way of life of this family is limited to knowledge of the way of life of Chilacis typhae as well as Holocranum saturejae . The animals are able to fly and do not live like most other representatives of the Lygaeoidea on the ground, but live on the fruit stands of their food plants ( cattails ( Typha )), where they suck on the seeds. The wintering will probably take place in litter .

Taxonomy and systematics

Carl Stål first described the group in 1872 as a group above the genus level. In 1894 Lethierry & Severin raised the group to family status. Most of the subsequent authors considered them to be a subfamily of the ground bugs (Lygaeidae). The current classification of the group was created in 1997 after a revision of the Pentatomomorpha with a focus on the Lygaeoidea by Henry. He reclassified the floor bug subfamily and returned it to family rank. He regards the Oxycarenidae as a sister group of the family and justifies this with the following common features: lack of laterotergites on the abdomen; developed process on the phallotheca and hexagonal break points after hatching in the eggs.

The family includes the following subfamilies and genera:

Subfamily Dilompinae
- Genus Dilompus (Australia)
  - Dilompus robustus Scudder , 1957
  - Dilompus woodwardi Malipatil , 1988
Subfamily Nothochrominae
- Genus Nothochromus (New Zealand)
  - Nothochromus maoricus Slater, Woodward & Sweet , 1962
Subfamily Artheneinae (16 species; introduced in the Palearctic and in the eastern USA and in tropical Africa)
- Genus Artheneidea
- Genus Artheneis
- Genus Chilacis
- Genus Holocranum
- Genus Teutates
Subfamily Polychisminae
- Genus Polychisme (Colombia)
  - Polychisme ferruginosus ( Stål , 1874)

The following species occur in Europe:

Artheneis alutacea fever , 1861
Artheneis balcanica ( Kormilev , 1938)
Artheneis foveolata Spinola , 1837
Artheneis hyrcanica ( Kolenati , 1845)
Artheneis intricata V.G. Putshkov , 1969
Artheneis wagneri Ribes , 1972
Chilacis typhae ( Perris , 1857)
Holcocranum saturejae ( Kolenati , 1845)

supporting documents

Individual evidence

^ ^A ^b T. J. Henry: Phylogenetic analysis of family groups within the infraorder Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), with emphasis on the Lygaeoidea. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 90 (3): 275-301, 1997.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Family Artheneidae. Australian Biological Resources Study. Australian Faunal Directory, accessed March 28, 2014 .
↑ ^a ^b Artheneinae. Fauna Europaea, accessed March 28, 2014 .
↑ ^a ^b Ekkehard Wachmann , Albert Melber, Jürgen Deckert: Bugs. Volume 3: Pentatomomorpha I: Aradoidea (bark bugs), Lygaeoidea (ground bugs, etc.), Pyrrhocoroidea (fire bugs) and Coreoidea (edge bugs, etc.). (= The animal world of Germany and the adjacent parts of the sea according to their characteristics and their way of life . 78th part). Goecke & Evers, Keltern 2007, ISBN 978-3-937783-29-1 , p. 83 .
^ RT Schuh, JA Slater: True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York 1995, p. 255.

literature

RT Schuh, JA Slater: True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York 1995.

[Henry-1] A ^b T. J. Henry: Phylogenetic analysis of family groups within the infraorder Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), with emphasis on the Lygaeoidea. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 90 (3): 275-301, 1997.

[abrs-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Family Artheneidae. Australian Biological Resources Study. Australian Faunal Directory, accessed March 28, 2014 .

[www.faunaeur.org-3] Artheneinae. Fauna Europaea, accessed March 28, 2014 .

[Wachmann-4] Ekkehard Wachmann , Albert Melber, Jürgen Deckert: Bugs. Volume 3: Pentatomomorpha I: Aradoidea (bark bugs), Lygaeoidea (ground bugs, etc.), Pyrrhocoroidea (fire bugs) and Coreoidea (edge bugs, etc.). (= The animal world of Germany and the adjacent parts of the sea according to their characteristics and their way of life . 78th part). Goecke & Evers, Keltern 2007, ISBN 978-3-937783-29-1 , p. 83 .

[Schuh/Slater-5] RT Schuh, JA Slater: True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York 1995, p. 255.