Arthur R. von Hippel

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Arthur Robert von Hippel (born November 19, 1898 in Rostock , † December 31, 2003 in Newton near Boston , Massachusetts) was a German-American materials scientist and physicist. The ophthalmologist Eugen von Hippel is an uncle of Arthur von Hippel.

origin

His parents were the German criminal law scholar Robert von Hippel (1866–1951) and his first wife Emma Bremer (1871–1925). His brother Ernst (1895–1984) became Professor of Law in Cologne, Fritz (1897–1991) became Professor of Law in Freiburg / Brsg, and his sister Olga (1903–1987) was the head of the Auguste Förster Foundation.

Life

Hippel studied physics at the University of Göttingen . Together with his brother Fritz he founded the Academic Guild Göttingen there in the early 1920s . In his dissertation he developed a (patented) thermal microphone and received his doctorate in 1924. He was 1924–1927 assistant and 1928–1929 private lecturer with Max Wien at the University of Jena . There he constructed a mercury vapor lamp, the so-called Hippel lamp, which was produced by the SCHOTT Jena company until 1991. After his wife Marianne, geb. von Ritter, who had succumbed to a flu epidemic in Jena, married Dagmar in 1930, the daughter of James Franck . He remained as a private lecturer at the Physics Institute of the University of Göttingen until 1933.

In 1933 he emigrated from Germany. From 1934 he worked at the University of Istanbul , then for a year with Niels Bohr in Copenhagen . In 1936, at the invitation of Karl Taylor Compton, he received a position as an assistant professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). In 1939 he became a Fellow of the American Physical Society .

In 1940 he founded the Laboratory for Insulation Research . This laboratory was involved in radar research together with the Radiation Laboratory during the Second World War. For this he was awarded the President's Certificate of Merit by Harry Truman in 1948.

Hippel discovered the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ).

The Materials Research Society awards him the Von Hippel Award for Materials Science every year .

His son Eric von Hippel is an economist at MIT, Peter von Hippel is a molecular biologist at the University of Oregon , and Frank von Hippel is Professor of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University (1993–1994 security advisor under President Clinton).

membership

In 1944 von Hippel was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences .

Works

  • Molecular Science and Molecular Engineering (1959)
  • Dielectrics and Waves (1954)
  • Dielectric Materials and Applications (1954)
  • Life in Times of Turbulent Transitions - the Autobiography of Arthur Robert von Hippel (1988)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rüdiger vom Bruch (Ed.), Marie-Luise Bott (Ed.), Ralph Jessen (Ed.), Jürgen John (Ed.), Yearbook for University History , Volume 8 (2005), p. 246
  2. ^ Members of the American Academy. Listed by election year, 1900-1949 ( PDF ). Retrieved October 8, 2015
personal data
SURNAME Hippel, Arthur R. von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hippel, Arthur Robert von (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-American materials scientist and physicist
DATE OF BIRTH November 19, 1898
PLACE OF BIRTH Rostock
DATE OF DEATH December 31, 2003
Place of death Newton near Boston , Massachusetts