Arthur Simons

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Arthur Siegfried Simons (born October 11, 1877 in Düsseldorf , † autumn 1942 with Raasiku ) was a German neurologist .

Life

Simons studied medicine at the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and the Universität Berlin . He was approved in 1903 and received his doctorate from the University of Leipzig ( endothelioma of the pleura after trauma ). He then held various positions in Berlin, some of which were unpaid. From 1907 to 1914 he was an assistant in Hermann Oppenheim's polyclinic .

At the First World War Simons took from 1914 to 1918 as a medical officer in part. Habilitated in 1921 , he was an associate professor at Berlin University from 1923 . He also worked in private practice and as a consultant .

Stumbling stone in front of Kurfürstenstrasse 50 in Berlin-Tiergarten

As a Jew , Simon was increasingly exposed to disenfranchisement during the National Socialist era : on the basis of the law to restore the civil service , his teaching license was revoked in 1933 and his position at the Charité was terminated. He tried unsuccessfully to emigrate to the United Kingdom . From 1938 on, he was only allowed to practice the medical profession as a “ medical practitioner ” exclusively for Jewish patients. Arthur Simons was arrested in September 1942, deported on a deportation train to occupied Estonia on September 26 and murdered near Raasiku .

From 1914 until the divorce in 1927, Simons was married to Margarethe Wendland. His brother, the bacteriologist Hellmuth Simons , was able to emigrate from the German Reich in 1933 and survived the Holocaust .

At the Berlin address Kurfürstenstraße 50 , where Simons lived from 1916 to 1942 and was also the office for a while, a stumbling block has been reminding of the neurologist since September 9, 2017 .

Act

Demonstration (by Simons) of movements as a result of head movements in hemiplegics.

In 1911 Simons gave an exact description of a young woman who was suffering from lipodystrophy . The rare disease is known as Barraquer-Simons syndrome .

Simons did a lot of research on tonic neck reflexes in people with hemiplegia (complete paralysis on one side). When the head moves, these can lead to changes in the muscle tone of the extremities and result in movements. His first observations date back to 1916 when he was investigating a hemiplegic war wounded man. Up until the early 1920s, he had examined over 600 patients and recorded his observations in reviews. Simons had some of the investigations recorded on film, one of which has been preserved.

Publications (selection)

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Rebecca Schwoch: Jewish doctors as medical practitioners: in Berlin between 1938 and 1945 . Mabuse-Verlag, 2018, ISBN 978-3863213220 , pp. 516f.
  2. ↑ LA Zeidman, D. Kondziella: Neuroscience in Nazi Europe Part III: victims of the Third Reich. In: Can J Neurol Sci. 39, 2012, pp. 729-746, PMID 23230611 .
  3. ↑ Bernd Holdorff: Arthur Simons on tonic neck reflexes in hemiplegics. In: The neurologist. 83, 2012, pp. 514-519, doi : 10.1007 / s00115-011-3343-2 .
  4. ^ Andreas D. Ebert: Jewish professors at Prussian universities (1870-1924). Mabuse-Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3938304525 , p. 442.
  5. ^ Stumbling blocks in Berlin: Dr. Arthur Simons , accessed October 19, 2018.
  6. ↑ A rare trophoneurosis ("lipodystrophia progressiva"). In: Journal for the whole of neurology and psychiatry. 5, 1911, p. 29, doi : 10.1007 / BF02867054 .
  7. ↑ Abhimanyu Garg: Lipodystrophies. In: The American Journal of Medicine. 108, 2000, p. 143, doi : 10.1016 / S0002-9343 (99) 00414-3 .
  8. ↑ Arthur Simons: Head Posture and Muscle Tone. In: Journal for the whole of neurology and psychiatry. 80, 1923, p. 499ff., Doi : 10.1007 / BF02866702 .
  9. ↑ Bernd Holdorff: Arthur Simons on tonic neck reflexes in hemiplegics. In: The neurologist. 83, 2012, pp. 514-519, doi : 10.1007 / s00115-011-3343-2 .
personal data
SURNAME Simons, Arthur
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Simons, Arthur Siegfried (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German neurologist
DATE OF BIRTH October 11, 1877
PLACE OF BIRTH Dusseldorf
DATE OF DEATH 1942
Place of death at Raasiku