Asian bush mosquito

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Asian bush mosquito
Asian bush mosquito (Aedes japonicus) sucking blood

Asian bush mosquito ( Aedes japonicus ) sucking blood

Systematics
Family : Mosquitoes (Culicidae)
Subfamily : Culicinae
Tribe : Aedini
Genre : Aedes
Subgenus : Hulecoeteomyia
Type : Asian bush mosquito
Scientific name
Aedes japonicus
( Theobald , 1901)

The Asian bush mosquito ( Aedes (Hulecoeteomyia) japonicus , and Japanese bush mosquito , synonyms since 2006 Hulecoeteomyia japonica , before Ochlerotatus japonicus , formerly Aedes (Finlaya) japonicus ) is originally in Japan , Korea -based and southern China of mosquito known as carriers of pathogens such as West Nile Virus and various types of encephalitis viruses is significant for humans.

features

The mosquito is dark to black-brown and has noticeable silvery-white horizontal stripes on the body and legs. It is similar to the Asian tiger mosquito ( Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus ) from Southeast Asia, but it has a black body color and shiny white horizontal stripes. The antennae (antennae) of the Asiatic bush mosquito are very short, much shorter than the head, with several short tufts in the middle of the shaft. Light vertical stripes run across the body.

distribution

The Asian bush mosquito was introduced into North America and Europe as a neozoon . Since it is also native to the cooler areas of Japan and China, it was also able to survive in the northern latitudes of other continents. In 1998 it was detected in the eastern United States, where it spread to 22 states including Hawaii until 2009 , and from 2003 it was also observed in Canada .

In the places where the Asian bush mosquito has been detected, it is found more frequently than the European mosquito species Culex pipiens . This suggests that it can crowd out native mosquito species. This was proven in North America with the native Aedes atropalpus .

In 2000 a small population was discovered in France , the larvae of which lived in a shipment of used car tires, but their spread was stopped. In 2002, two incidences were also observed in tire stacks in Belgium ; it is possible that these populations have spread. In July 2008, a specimen from the canton of Aargau was sent to the Institute for Parasitology at the University of Zurich , where an investigation into the distribution of the Asian bush mosquito in northern Switzerland was started. In 2015 in Aarau , Switzerland , larvae of the bush mosquito developed in a rainwater collecting basin in a garden. The mosquitoes were examined to rule out Asian tiger mosquitoes . Since there was no greater population density near the airports in Switzerland, it is assumed that the mosquito probably also came to Switzerland with old tires in which it breeds when they are filled with rainwater.

At least 49 mosquito species currently live in Germany. Three of the species were only found in Germany after 2007: the Asian tiger mosquito , the Asian bush mosquito and Culiseta longiareolata . The director of the Municipal Working Group to Combat the Mosquito Plague (KABS) reported in spring 2011 that Aedes japonicus was detected in southern Germany between Lörrach and Lake Constance in 50 of the 155 communities examined and in locations up to 1,000 meters above sea level.

In the summer of 2012, Asian bush mosquitoes were also detected in the area between Cologne and Koblenz , and in spring 2013 in East Westphalia and Lower Saxony an introduction in 2012 or earlier.

In the course of the discovery of the Asian bush mosquito in Luxembourg in 2018, its distribution was proven in a region bordering Germany to the east, which makes up about 1/5 of the country's area. Occurrences in the border area in Rhineland-Palatinate and Lorraine have also been proven, so that an expansion of the species from east to west is assumed.

In the search for occurrence of the Asian tiger mosquito, some specimens of the Asian bush mosquito were found in Weil am Rhein in spring 2020 .

Systematics and taxonomy

Within the collective genus Aedes , the Asian bush mosquito was counted to the subgenus Finlaya . In 2000, the entire subgenus of John E. Reinert was placed together with numerous other Aedes species in the newly established genus Ochlerotatus . In 2004 a part of the subgenus Finlaya was raised to the genus by John F. Reinert, Ralph E. Harbach and Ian J. Kitching. The new genus only included the species group around Finlaya kochi , the Asiatic bush mosquito remained with other species of the earlier subgenus Finlaya within the genus Ochlerotatus . In 2006 the same team of authors presented a work in which the position of the earlier subgenus Finlaya within the Aedini tribe was examined. In this publication it was suggested to place the Asiatic bush mosquito in the genus Hulecoeteomyia along with other species . However, the new name Hulecoeteomyia japonica was not widely used. A search on Google Scholar in October 2012 only found 13 results for the new name, but around 1800 hits for Aedes japonicus and around 900 hits for Ochlerotatus japonicus . A search by other authors on the Web of Science found no use for Hulecoeteomyia japonica in the title or topic of scientific papers between the time of the renaming in 2006 and September 2014 , 72 hits for Ochlerotatus japonicus and 102 hits for Aedes japonicus . Ultimately, the species was renamed Aedes japonicus again. Hulecoeteomyia was retained as a subgenus.

Subspecies

Four subspecies are known from the region of origin in Asia:

  • Aedes japonicus japonicus from the Palaearctic region of Japan and from Korea
  • Aedes japonicus yaeyamensis from the Ryūkyū Islands
  • Aedes japonicus amamiensis also from the Ryūkyū Islands
  • Aedes japonicus shintiensis from Taiwan

literature

  • FV Theobald: A monograph of the Culicidae of the world. Vol. 1. British Museum of Natural History, London 1901
  • K. Tanaka, K. Mizusawa and ES Saugstad: A revision of the adult and larval mosquitoes of Japan (including the Ryukyu Archipelago and the Ogasawara Islands) and Korea (Diptera: Culicidae). In: Contrib. At the. Entomol. Inst. (Ann Arbor). Volume 16, 1979, pp. 1-987.

Web links

Commons : Asian Bush Mosquito  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Richard C. Wilkerson, Yvonne-Marie Linton, Dina M. Fonseca, Ted R. Schultz, Dana C. Price, Daniel A. Strickman: Making Mosquito Taxonomy Useful: A Stable Classification of Tribe Aedini that Balances Utility with Current Knowledge of Evolutionary Relationships. PLoS ONE 10, 7, e0133602, July 2015 doi : 10.1371 / journal.pone.0133602
  2. ↑ Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , press release , May 10, 2011, bnitm.de: JAPANESE BUSH MOSQUITO AND 3 TROPICAL VIRUSES IDENTIFIED (February 28, 2016)
  3. ^ EL Peyton, Scott R. Campbell, Thomas M. Candeletti, Michael Romanowski and Wayne J. Crans: Aedes (Finlaya) japonicus japonicus (Theobald), a new introduction into the United States. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 15 (2), pp. 238-241, 1999
  4. ↑ Jennifer S. Armistead, Naoya Nishimura, Richard L. Escher and L. Philip Lounibos: Larval competition between Aedes japonicus and Aedes atropalpus (Diptera: Culicidae) in simulated rock pools. Journal of Vector Ecology, 33 (2), pp. 238–246, 2008 PMC 2652682 (free full text) (Eng.)
  5. ^ F. Schaffner, C. Kaufmann, A. Mathis: Emergence of Aedes japonicus in Central Europe. Leipzig, 2009 full text (PDF, English)
  6. ↑ Settlement in Switzerland (University of Zurich)
  7. ↑ Werner et al .: Two invasive mosquito species, Aedes albopictus and Aedes japonicus japonicus, trapped in south-west Germany, July to August 2011 . Eurosurveillance 17 (4), 2012, eurosurveillance.org
  8. ↑ Justin Pietsch: Southern Germany: Japanese bush mosquito spreads more and more . In: THE WORLD . May 31, 2011 ( welt.de [accessed May 23, 2020]).
  9. ↑ Asian bush mosquito conquers Germany  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . PDF at www.zalf.de from November 19, 2012@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.zalf.de  
  10. ↑ Asian bush mosquitoes continue to advance in Germany ( memento of the original from April 16, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 159 kB). Press release from FLI and ZALF from July 26, 2013.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.zalf.de
  11. ↑ Schaffner, F. & C. Ries, 2019. First evidence and distribution of the invasive alien mosquito Aedes japonicus (Theobald, 1901) in Luxembourg. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 121: 169-183. PDF 8.94 MB
  12. ^ Badische Zeitung: Weil am Rhein expects the tiger mosquito population to grow - Weil am Rhein - Badische Zeitung. Retrieved May 23, 2020 .
  13. ↑ John E. Reinert: New classification for the composite Genus Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae: Aedini), elevation of Subgenus Ochlerotatus to generic rank, reclassification of the other subgenera, and notes on certain subgenera and species. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 16, 3, pp. 175-188, 2000
  14. Jump up ↑ John F. Reinert, Ralph E. Harbach & Ian A. Kitching: Phylogeny and classification of Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae), based on morphological characters of all life stages . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 142, 3, pp. 289-368, 2004
  15. ^ A b John F. Reinert, Ralph E. Harbach & Ian J. Kitching: Phylogeny and classification of Finlaya and allied taxa (Diptera: Culicidae: Aedini), based on morphological data from of all life stages. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 148, pp. 1-101, 2006
  16. ↑ K. Tanaka, K. Mizusawa and ES Saugstad: A revision of the adult and larval mosquitoes of Japan (including the Ryukyu Archipelago and the Ogasawara Islands) and Korea (Diptera: Culicidae). Contrib. At the. Entomol. Inst. (Ann Arbor), 16, pp. 1-987, 1979