Asiatic toad frogs
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| Bonaparte , 1850 |
The Asiatic toad frogs (Megophryidae) are a family within the frog auger . With 218 species, they form by far the most diverse group of toad frogs (Pelobatoidea), to which the European paddle-toed toads with species such as garlic toad and knife-foot belong.
features
As is typical for all toad frogs, the species of the Megophryidae family have vertically slit-shaped pupils. Their shape is less plump and warty than that of toads , but they are not as agile and powerful as real frogs . It is also a characteristic feature of the Mesobatrachia (and the Archaeobatrachia ) that the males clasp the female in the lumbar region when mating - one speaks of inguinal amplexus . In contrast, the amplexus of the by far largest frog suborder Neobatrachia takes place behind the front legs of the female. The males of some species, such as the Asian tortoise-shell frog ( Oreolalax schmidti ), develop two groups of pointed hornbones on their breasts at spawning time. This touches the cesspool of the female and stimulates the release of the spawn . In terms of bone structure, the Asian toad frogs differ from the other toad frog families in that they have free intervertebral discs. The females of Megophrys nasuta are likely to be among the largest members of the family with a body length of up to 16 centimeters.
Occurrence
The Megophryidae family is widespread in southeast Asia, from Pakistan to the western People's Republic of China , the Malay Archipelago and the Philippines .
Taxonomy
The Asiatic toad frog family comprises 255 species in 5 genera. It is divided into two subfamilies:
As of August 25, 2020
- Subfamily Leptobrachiinae Dubois, 1980
- Genus Leptobrachella Smith, 1925 (82 species)
- Genus Leptobrachium Tschudi, 1838 slender arm frogs (37 species)
- Genus Oreolalax Myers & Leviton, 1962 (19 species)
- Genus Scutiger Theobald, 1868 (24 species)
The genus Vibrissaphora Liu, 1945 was added to Leptobrachium in 2008 . The genera Atympanophrys and Xenophrys Günther, 1864 were incorporated into the genus Megophrys in 2006 , but were again listed as independent taxa from 2016. In 2017, the two taxa were recognized at least as a subgenus of Megophrys , as was Ophryophryne Boulenger, 1903, Brachytarsophrys Tian & Hu, 1983 and Pelobatrachus . The genus Borneophrys Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean & Ohler, 2006 was incorporated into the genus Megophrys in 2016 .
In 2018 the genus Leptolalax Dubois, 1980, was synonymous with Leptobrachella .
- Subfamily Megophryinae Bonaparte 1850
- Genus Megophrys Kuhl & Hasselt, 1822 Black Toad Frogs (106 species)
- Elbow toad frog ( Megophrys nasuta Schlegel, 1858)
- Genus Megophrys Kuhl & Hasselt, 1822 Black Toad Frogs (106 species)
This subfamily previously comprised 7 genera. This classification was abandoned. In some classifications, however, it has been retained, in others the former genera are listed as sub-genera of Megophrys :
- Atympanophrys
- Brachytarsophrys
- Megophrys
- Ophryophryne
- Panophrys
- Pelobatrachus
- Xenophrys
Individual evidence
- ↑ Darrel R. Frost: Megophryidae Bonaparte, 1850 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference . Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York 1998-2017, accessed January 3, 2018
- ↑ a b J.-M. Chen, W.-w. Zhou, NA Poyarkov, Jr., BL Stuart, RM Brown, A. Lathrop, Y. Wang, Z.-y. Yuan, K. Jiang, M. Hou, H.-m. Chen, C, Suwannapoom, SN Nguyen, TV Duong, TJ Papenfuss, RW Murphy, Y.-p. Zhang & J. Che: A novel multilocus phylogenetic estimation reveals unrecognized diversity in Asian horned toads, genus Megophrys sensu lato (Anura: Megophryidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 106, 2016, pp. 28-43.
- ^ S. Mahony, NM Foley, SD Biju, and EC Teeling: Evolutionary history of the Asian Horned Frogs (Megophryinae): Integrative approaches to zeitree dating in the absence of a fossil record. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 34, 2017, pp. 744-771.
- ↑ Chen, J., NA Poyarkov, Jr., C, Suwannapoom, A. Lathrop, Y.-H. Wu, W.-w. Zhou, Z.-y. Yuan, J.-q. Jin, H.-m. Chen, H.-q. Liu, TQ Nguyen, SN Nguyen, TV Duong, K. Eto, K. Nishikawa, M. Matsui, NL Orlov, BL Stuart, RM Brown, JJL Rowley, RW Murphy, Y.-y. Wang, and J. Che. 2018. Large-scale phylogenetic analyzes provide insights into unrecognized diversity and historical biogeography of Asian leaf-litter frogs, genus Leptolalax (Anura: Megophryidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 124: 162-171. doi: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2018.02.020
literature
- Günther E. Freytag, Bernhard Grzimek, Oskar Kuhn & Erich Thenius (eds.): Lurche. In: Grzimeks Tierleben, Vol. 5: Fish 2, Lurche. Licensed edition in dtv, Munich 1980, ISBN 3-423-03204-9 .
Web links
- List of species of the Megophryidae family from Amphibiaweb , accessed January 3, 2018
- Darrel R. Frost: Megophryidae Bonaparte, 1850 . In: Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York 1998-2017, accessed January 3, 2018.