Aspartate-glutamate carrier

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Aspartate-glutamate carrier
Properties of human protein
Mass / length primary structure 678/675 amino acids
Secondary to quaternary structure multipass membrane protein (6β)
Cofactor Calcium
Isoforms Aralar, citrine
Identifier
Gene names SLC25A12 , SLC25A13 ; ARALAR1, ARALAR2
External IDs
Transporter classification
TCDB 2.A.29.14
designation Mitochondrial Carrier (SLC25)
Occurrence
Parent taxon Eukaryotes

The mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate carrier (AGC) (also mitochondrial calcium-dependent aspartate-glutamate antiport carrier ) is the protein that enables the exchange of aspartate and glutamate through the inner cell membrane of mitochondria . It is one of two transport proteins in the malate-aspartate shuttle and is therefore essential for the energy metabolism in eukaryotes . In humans, two are isoforms , Aralar and citrine ( Gene SLC25A12 and SLC25A13) known. Aralar is localized in the muscles and brain, and citrine in the liver. Aralar is involved in the synthesis of aspartate and N-acetylaspartate as well as signal transduction by means of calcium in the mitochondria. Citrine is also part of the urea cycle . Mutations in the SLC25A12 gene have been correlated with cases of autism ; Mutations in the SLC25A13 gene can cause a citrine deficiency and thus neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis or the rare citrullinemia .

Transport equation

The catalyzed membrane transport is:

Aspartate (outside) + glutamate + H + (inside) ⇔
⇔ Glutamate + H + (outside) + aspartate (inside)

Since a net positive charge is transported, it is a non-electronically neutral antiport .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ UniProt Q9UJS0
  2. ^ S. Cavero et al .: Identification and metabolic role of the mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate transporter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Microbiol. 50/4/ 2003 : 1257-69. PMID 14622413
  3. ↑ LM Lepagnol-Bestel et al .: SLC25A12 expression is associated with neurite outgrowth and is upregulated in the prefrontal cortex of autistic subjects. Mol Psychiatry. 13/4/ 2008 : 385-97. PMID 18180767
  4. ↑ J. Satrústegui et al .: Role of aralar, the mitochondrial transporter of aspartate-glutamate, in brain N-acetylaspartate formation and Ca (2+) signaling in neuronal mitochondria. . J Neurosci Res 85/15/ 2007 : 3359-66. PMID 17497669
  5. ↑ L. Begum et al .: Expression of three mitochondrial solute carriers, citrin, aralar1 and ornithine transporter, in relation to urea cycle in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta . 1574/3/ 2002 : 283-92. PMID 119976094
  6. ↑ T. Saheki et al .: Reduced carbohydrate intake in citrin-deficient subjects. J Inherit Metab Dis. 31/32/ 2008 : 386-94. PMID 18415701

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