Aspergillus terreus
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Aspergillus terreus |
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| Thom 1918 |
Aspergillus terreus is a mold of the genus Aspergillus , which occurs as saprophytes worldwide and can cause intoxication or allergies.
features
On Czapek agar, Aspergillus terreus forms pink-cinnamon-brown colonies that can grow to be deep brown in old age , mostly velvety. Some trunks, however, grow clearly flaky or form aerial hyphae. On the bottom of the colony, the colonies are pale or light yellow to deep brown. Many strains have no odor; some of them have at least a volatile odor. The somewhat flexible conidial supports are 5–8 µm wide and 250 µm long with a smooth cell wall up to 1 µm thick and are both septate and unseptate. They have an enlarged, spherical apex that is 12 to 18 µm, sometimes up to 25 µm. For this grow densely packed phialides in two rows (primary and secondary phialides). The primary are 2 to 2.5 µm wide and 7–9 µm long, the secondary are 2–2.5 µm wide and 5–7 µm long. When ripe, these heads are up to 500 µm long and 50 µm wide. The smooth conidia are slightly elliptical to spherical and are 2.2 to 2.5 sometimes up to 3 µm in size and are formed in long connected chains. No perithecia were found. The optimal growth temperature is 37 ° C. The fungus can liquefy gelatin .
Species delimitation
Aspergillus terreus forms colonies similar to Aspergillus fumigatus or Aspergillus nidulans . In contrast to Aspergillus terreus , however, these are green. Aspergillus fumigatus also only has single-row sterigmata. Aspergillus rehmii also has double row sterigmata, but is yellow.
Habitat
Aspergillus terreus is often found in soil and rotting plant material. The spores can survive the digestive tract undamaged. Attempts at feeding rabbits with spores were fatal for this, however.
meaning
Aspergillus terreus can cause serious aspergillosis , the infection of which often has a mortality rate of 100%. It is resistant to Amphotericin B .
On the other hand, Aspergillus terreus is used to produce lovastatin , a statin that is used to treat hypercholesterolemia . The world market for statins is estimated at more than $ 12 billion annually. Aspergillus terreus also produces numerous secondary metabolites such as patulin , citrinine and economically important enzymes such as xylanase .
In industrial biotechnology , Aspergillus terreus is mainly used to produce itaconic acid , with commercial use first started in 1952 by Pfizer in the United States and later in Great Britain.
Systematics
Aspergillus terreus was scientifically described for the first time by Charles Thom in 1918 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Charles Thom and Margaret B. Church: (1918) Aspergillus fumigatus, A. nidulans, A. terreus N. Sp. And Their Allies. American Journal of Botany 5: 84-104. JSTOR 2435130
- ↑ a b c Masayuki Machida, Katsuya Gomi: Aspergillus : Molecular Biology and Genomics. Caister Academic Press, 2010. p. 44, ISBN 978-1-904455-53-0 .
- ↑ Mitsuyasu Okabe, Dwiarti Lies, Shin Kanamasa, Enoch Y. Park: Biotechnological production of itaconic acid and its biosynthesis in Aspergillus terreus. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 84 (4), 2009; Pp. 597-606 doi : 10.1007 / s00253-009-2132-3
