Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco
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Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco |
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The quebracho tree ( Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco ) is a species of plant from the genus Aspidosperma in the family of the dog poison plants (Apocynaceae). It forms extensive forests in the interior of northern Argentina , in the province of Catamarca .
Origin of name
The specific epithet quebracho -blanco is of Spanish origin. The word quebracho is made up of the verb quebrar with the meaning to break, to bend to one side and the noun hacha for ax, hatchet; the word blanco means white. This name refers to the light, very hard and difficult to split wood of the species.
description
Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco is a medium-high tree that can reach a height of about 15 meters. It has a straight, strong trunk, a moderate crown and drooping branches. The thick, rough bark is grayish and cracked into cubes. The trunk has a lovely milky sap .
The almost oppositely arranged and short-stalked leaves are ovate, elliptical to lanceolate, with entire margins and somewhat leathery, as well as prickly.
Terminal or axillary, stalked zymous inflorescences are formed. The inconspicuous flowers are hermaphrodite and yellowish, as well as protandric . The overgrown petals form an elongated and inside fine-haired corolla tube with five elongated, narrow and boat-shaped lobes. The cup is greenish and small and five-lobed. The ovary is almost upper constant and zweikammerig with many ovules . The stylus is relatively short with a cone-shaped scar . The anthers are attached almost sitting in the upper corolla tube.
The brownish, follicle-like , flattened fruit is oblique, elliptical with about 24 seeds, with a length of up to almost 9 centimeters and a diameter of about 5-6 centimeters. The flat, up to 5–6 centimeters large and light brown seeds are winged all around.
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The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36.
Occurrence
The quebracho tree occurs in southeastern Bolivia , in southern Brazil, northern Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay .
use
The bitter bark of the quebracho tree was a folk remedy for malaria and contains about 1% alkaloids , including yohimbine and aspidospermine . The drug is found in a few asthma preparations and cough drops.
The extraordinarily dense (up to about 0.85 to> 1.0 g / cm 3 ) and solid wood deserves attention as a substitute for boxwood for wood cutting.
Taxonomy
Synonyms for Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco Schltdl. are: Macaglia quebracho (Griseb.) Kuntze , Macaglia quebracho-blanco (Schltdl.) A.Lyons and Aspidosperma quebracho Griseb.
literature
- Robert Zander : Zander concise dictionary of plant names. Edited by Fritz Encke , Günther Buchheim, Siegmund Seybold . 15th edition, corrected reprint of the 14th edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-8001-5072-7 .
- Susana Lin, Gabriel Bernardello: Flower Structure and Reproductive Biology in Aspidosperma quebracho ‐ blanco (Apocynaceae), a Tree Pollinated by Deceit. In: International Journal of Plant Sciences. Vol. 160, no. 5, 1999, pp. 869-878, doi: 10.1086 / 314187 .
- DJ Machate, F. Alves, MA Farinaccio: Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae) no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. In: Rodriguesia. 67 (4), 2016, pp. 1011-1024, doi: 10.1590 / 2175-7860201667411 , online at researchgate.net, accessed on November 22, 2018.
Web links
- Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco from Useful Tropical Plants, accessed November 22, 2018.
- Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco wood from Delta, accessed on November 22, 2018.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Birkhäuser, Basel / Boston / Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-7643-2390-6 limited preview in the Google book search.
- ↑ Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ A b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Aspidosperma - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on November 11, 2017.
- ^ I. Barnickel, F. Häfele Text processing: I. Barnickel, P. Lemberger, H. Maiolino: Medicinal plants . Ed .: Erlangen Botanical Garden of the University of Erlangen - Nuremberg. 2nd edition revised and supplemented by W.Weis. S. 95 .