Atbara (river)
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Atbara Black Nile |
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 Course of the Atbara and its tributaries |
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| Data | ||
| location | in the north of Ethiopia ; in the southeast of Sudan 
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| River system | Nile | |
| Drain over | Nile → Mediterranean | |
| source | in the north of Ethiopia | |
| muzzle | in the Nile near the city of Atbara Coordinates: 17 ° 40 ′ 42 " N , 33 ° 58 ′ 19" E 17 ° 40 ′ 42 " N , 33 ° 58 ′ 19" E
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| length | 1120 km | |
| Catchment area | 112,000 km² | |
| Discharge at gauge Kilo 3 (1664100) A Eo : 69,000 km² Location: 25 km above the mouth |
NNQ (min. Month Ø) MNQ 1912–1982 MQ 1912–1982 Mq 1912–1982 MHQ 1912–1982 HHQ (max. Month Ø) |
0 l / s 300 l / s 359 m³ / s 5.2 l / (s km²) 2003 m³ / s 4928 m³ / s |
| Right tributaries | Setit , Mareb (only at extremely high tide) | |
| Reservoirs flowed through | Khashm el Girba dam | |
| Big cities | Atbara | |
| Small towns | Khashm al-Qirba | |
 Map of the mouth of the Atbara; from the battle of 1898 |
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The Atbara ( Arabic نهر عطبرة, DMG Nahr ʿAṭbara ), also known as the Black Nile , is a right tributary of the Nile in Ethiopia and Sudan .
course
The Atbara is around 1,120 km long and has its source in the Ethiopian highlands in the southwest Simen Mountains . The source of the river is about 50 km north of Lake Tana and about 30 km west of Gonder . From there it flows mainly in a north-westerly direction to Sudan. In its lower reaches, the water of the Atbara is dammed up by the Khashm el-Girba dam to enable irrigation in the otherwise dry environment. At the city of Atbara the Atbara flows 325 km below the confluence of the Blue Nile into the Nile , whose last tributary it is before the Mediterranean .
The Atbara has a catchment area of around 112,000 km². The largest tributary is the Setit , which also rises in the Ethiopian highlands and is called Tekeze there. Since the Tekeze dam went into operation at the end of 2009, the Setit has had a more balanced water flow.
climate
Due to the characteristic climatic precipitation conditions in the Ethiopian highland plateau, the Atbara reaches its maximum water flow in August and, together with the Blue Nile, contributes a large part of the main tidal wave of the Nile. In the dry season between January and May, the volume of water from the Atbara usually reduces to a small trickle consisting of a series of small, shallow lakes that no longer reach the Nile.
Hydrometry
From June to August the river swells due to the summer rainy season. It is navigable during this flood phase . The Atbara carries more than a fifth of the total amount of water in the Nile and more than ten million tons of dark suspended matter per year, which gives it its name “Black River”. The long-term average flow rate of the Atbara is 360 m³ / s.
Average monthly flow of the Atbara measured at the hydrological station Kilo 3, about 25 km above the mouth, in m³ / s (1912–1982).
Battle of the Atbara
The Battle of Atbara took place on April 8, 1898 at the confluence of the Nile and Atbara rivers between a British - Egyptian army and 15,000 Sudanese insurgents in the course of the suppression of the Mahdi uprising .
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Nile - Kilo 3 World Data Center outflow (Global Runoff Data Center, GRDC)
- ↑ Guleid Artan et al .: Adequacy of satellite derived rainfall data for stream flow modeling (PDF; 850 kB)