Atik Valide Mosque

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mosque from the courtyard
Look inside

The Atik Valide Mosque ( Turkish Atik Valide Camii ), also Eski Valide Mosque , is a mosque from the 16th century in the Istanbul district of Üsküdar . The mosque was built for Nurbanu Sultan , the wife of Selim II. The building was part of a building complex with a medrese and caravanserai . The Atik Valide Mosque was built by the court architect Sinan . Planning began in 1571 with the construction of a small mosque with a minaret. The mosque was later expanded and not completed until 1586, three years after Nurbanu Sultan's death.

location

The mosque is located in the Toptaşı district in Istanbul's Üsküdar district on the Asian side of the city on the top of a terraced hill. Medrese , mosque and garden form a block that is separated from the other buildings by streets.

history

The Atik Valide Mosque was one of the largest mosque complexes in Istanbul. The mosque was built for Nurbanu Sultan, the Venice-born wife of Selim II and mother of Murad III. She was the first sultan's mother ( Valide Sultan ), who had great influence on the politics of the Ottoman Empire during the time of women's rule . Since two mosques for sultans' mothers were later built in Üsküdar, this mosque was called Atik-Valide-Moschee ( mosque of the old sultan's mother ).

The mosque was planned by the court architect Sinan and built in three phases. Construction began in 1571 and initially lasted until 1574. In the meantime, another architect had taken over the supervision, as Sinan was overseeing the construction of the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne . The second construction phase lasted from 1577 to 1578. During this time, a second minaret and a double portico were built. These changes were likely a result of the accession to the throne of Nurbanu's son Murad III. in 1574, with which Nurbanu Sultan rose to become sultan's mother. Nurbanu died in 1583 and the third and final construction phase took place between 1584 and 1586 after her death. The plans came from Sinan, the architect Davud was responsible for the execution . The mosque was extended laterally with two small domes on each side of the central dome, inside galleries and a courtyard were built.

In the 17th century, the mosque was extended by one yoke at each end of the northern front through additions by the Vakıf administrator Pîr Ali . In the 18th century a new sultan's gallery was built and under Osman III. the mosque partially repainted with perspective extensions. While repairs were carried out in places in the 19th century, the building was restored in the first half of the 20th century after severe damage to the structure occurred after 1918.

The mosque was part of a large complex. The south-western building complex comprised a madrasah, a hadith and a Koran school, a hospital and a hospital with a guest house, soup kitchen and caravanserai. There was also a hammam here . The buildings were extended in the 19th century and converted into a military hospital and prison. Today the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf Üniversitesi uses the rooms. The madrasah is located northwest of the courtyard of the mosque. A dervish monastery was located to the north of it. There is a small garden behind the mosque. A small school then follows behind the surrounding wall.

architecture

The main room of the rectangular mosque is covered by a central dome with a diameter of 12.7 meters, which rests on six arches arranged in a hexagon with two free-standing columns and four wall pillars. The room is extended by five exedra with semi-domes, one of which houses the mihrāb . The arch on the north side is filled with a flat wall that contains the entrance portal. The interior is surrounded by galleries on three sides.

The qibla wall and the exedra with the mihrāb are decorated with tiles from Iznik . The tile-clad side walls around the mihrāb show spring blossoms and flowers. There are ten rectangular calligraphic tiled mirrors above the windows under the portico on the north facade. Four panels, two at each end, were added when the mosque was expanded. Texts from Surat al-Fath from the Koran are recited on them. The six central panels recite lines from Surat az-Zumar .

gallery

  • View of the complex from the south

  • View into the central dome

  • Gallery for the sultan family

  • Mihrab

  • Tiles with floral patterns

literature

  • Nina Ergin: The Soundscape of Sixteenth-Century Istanbul Mosques: Architecture and Qur'an Recital. In: Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. Vol. 67, No. 2, June 2008, pp. 204-221.
  • Dogan Kuban: Eski Valide Camii. In: Mimarlık ve Sanat. No. 1, 1961, pp. 33-36.
  • Dogan Kuban: Eski Valide Küliyesi. In: Mimarlık ve Sanat. No. 2, 1961, pp. 59–63.

Web links

Commons : Atik Valide Mosque  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gülru Necipoğlu: The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire . Reaction Books, London 2005, ISBN 1-86189-244-6 , pp. 283 f.
  2. ^ Gülru Necipoğlu: The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire . Reaction Books, London 2005, pp. 280-283.
  3. ^ A b Gülru Necipoğlu: The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire . Reaction Books, London 2005, p. 286.
  4. ↑ Wolfgang Müller-Wiener : Picture dictionary on the topography of Istanbul: Byzantion, Konstantinupolis, Istanbul up to the beginning of the 17th century . Wasmuth, Tübingen 1977, ISBN 3-8030-1022-5 , p. 402.
  5. ↑ Wolfgang Müller-Wiener : Picture dictionary on the topography of Istanbul: Byzantion, Konstantinupolis, Istanbul up to the beginning of the 17th century . Wasmuth, Tübingen 1977, ISBN 3-8030-1022-5 , p. 402 f.
  6. ^ Gülru Necipoğlu: The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire . Reaction Books, London 2005, p. 283.
  7. ^ Gülru Necipoğlu: The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire . Reaction Books, London 2005, pp. 285, 288.
  8. ^ A b Gülru Necipoğlu: The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire . Reaction Books, London 2005, p. 290.
  9. ^ Gülru Necipoğlu: The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire . Reaction Books, London 2005, p. 288.

Coordinates: 41 ° 1 ′ 7.7 ″  N , 29 ° 1 ′ 25.9 ″  E