Allach subcamp

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Memorial plaque for the former prisoners of the Allach subcamp

The Dachau-Allach subcamp was one of the subcamps of the Dachau concentration camp in Munich 's Ludwigsfeld district from February 22, 1943 to April 30, 1945 .

Origin background

Construction of the subcamp began on February 22, 1943 , and concentration camp prisoners were involved from March .

Because of the acute shortage of workers in the armaments industry, from the spring of 1942 onwards, an increasing number of external camps, which were also referred to as "labor camps" in later Nazi documents, were set up near industrial plants. Prisoners in the Dachau-Allach satellite camp were mainly used for BMW , the Dyckerhoff company and the Todt organization . From March 1943 until the end of the war, Josef Jarolin was the camp leader .

According to Kupfer-Koberwitz, about 600 prisoners were already in the camp for construction work on March 30, 1943. B. excavation work used.

From April 12, 1943, two to six-week short courses for concentration camp prisoners started at BMW, after which they were used as drills, milling cutters, turners and fitters.

In 1942, two foreign labor camps and one forced labor camp were set up in the immediate vicinity of BMW.

camp

Last existing building of the Allach subcamp, Granatstrasse 8 and 10

The concentration camp sub-camp initially consisted of 22 wooden barracks that had been converted from former horse stables. On average there were 3,500 to 5,000 prisoners in the camp. The barracks were not equipped with lockers, the prisoners slept on straw sacks in three-tier bed frames. Prisoner Otto Oertel, who was deployed as a block senior in Block I, reported on the difficulty in preventing the spread of epidemics in view of the hygienic conditions.

There were several "executions" for sabotage, attempted escape or theft of food. The central office of the state justice administrations lists 50 murders.

End of war, post-war period and commemoration

After the 7th US Army liberated the approximately 10,000 remaining inmates of the Allach subcamp on April 30, 1945, they were quarantined until mid-May 1945 because of typhus. It was then used briefly as a DP camp, subsequently as an internment camp for German prisoners of war and from 1948 to 1951 as the "STeG camp" (StEG = State Registration Company ). From mid-1951 it was converted into a federal emigration and refugee camp. From 1953 the remaining parts served as emergency shelters. In 1950, parts of the satellite camp were demolished, and in 1951 the new Ludwigsfeld settlement was built , which belongs to the district 24 Feldmoching-Hasenbergl .

A memorial plaque commemorates the concentration camp subcamp. In 2014, the local historian Klaus Mai made public his assumption that there was a mass grave with around 300 former concentration camp inmates. In 2016 and 2017 the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation carried out archaeological excavations on the former camp site. A selection of the finds is shown in a special exhibition at the Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial.

An archaeological investigation of the southern part of the area, accompanied by the Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments, did not reveal any evidence of human remains.

However, twelve more skeletons were found in the area of ​​the former cemetery.

literature

  • Rozalija Sokola: April 30, 1945 - end and beginning: From the Allach subcamp to the Munich-Ludwigsfeld settlement , Neuhausen history workshop , 2005, ISBN 3931231151 .
  • Zdenek Zofka: Allach - slaves for BMW. On the history of a satellite camp of the Dachau concentration camp. In: Dachauer Hefte . Vol. 2, 1986, ISSN  0257-9472 , pp. 68-78.
  • Andreas Heusler: Forced Labor in the Munich War Economy 1939–1945. 2nd Edition. Buchendorfer, Munich 2000, ISBN 3927984078 .
  • Wolfgang Benz , Barbara Distel (ed.): The place of terror . History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps. Volume 2: Early camp, Dachau, Emsland camp. CH Beck, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-406-52962-3 .
  • Klaus Mai: 60 years of the new Ludwigsfeld settlement. 2nd edition, Munich 2013, Kulturhistorischer Verein Feldmoching auf dem Gfild e. V.
  • Klaus Mai: From the concentration camp subcamp to the Ludwigsfeld settlement. Typoscript, Munich 2013, Kulturhistorischer Verein Feldmoching auf dem Gfild e. V. (short version of an exhibition, PDF) .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Stanislav Zámečník : (Ed. Comité International de Dachau ): That was Dachau . Luxembourg, 2002, ISBN 2-87996-948-4 . Pp. 305-307.
  2. ↑ Directory of the concentration camps and their external commands in accordance with Section 42 (2) BEG , No. 972, Munich-Allach, BMW, from February 22, 1943
  3. ↑ Benz Diestel: The Place of Terror: History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps, Vol. 2, p. 427.
  4. ↑ Edgar Kupfer-Koberwitz : Die Mächtigen , Volume II, p. 131.
  5. ↑ Dachau Archive document no. DA-24718: Summary development report on the labor deployment 1943-1944 . Written report from SS-Obersturmführer Josef Jarolin.
  6. ↑ Heusler: Forced Labor in the Munich War Economy 1939–1945, p. 8 f.
  7. ↑ Zámečník, p. 305.
  8. ^ KA Gross: Two thousand days Dachau. Experiences of a Christian among masters and herd people. Reports and diaries of prisoner no. 16921. Quoted from Zdenek Zofka: Allach - slaves for BMW. On the history of a satellite camp of the Dachau concentration camp. In: Dachauer Hefte 2, 1986, pp. 140 f.
  9. ^ Otto Oertel: As a prisoner of the SS , Oldenburg 1990, ISBN 3-8142-0238-4
  10. ↑ Dachau Archive, Document No. DA-18442. Report of the Central Office of the State Justice Administration for the investigation of Nazi crimes in Ludwigsburg dated October 23, 1975.
  11. ↑ Klaus Mai: From the concentration camp satellite camp to the Ludwigsfeld settlement. Typoscript, Munich 2013, Kulturhistorischer Verein Feldmoching auf dem Gfild e. V., p. 29 ff.
  12. ↑ Helmut Zeller: Nazi mass grave in Allach: Forgotten crime. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , September 24, 2015.
  13. ↑ Special exhibition “Traces of Time. The Allach subcamp complex ” , accessed on May 6, 2020.
  14. ^ Former concentration camp satellite camp: No mass grave found . In: http://www.tz.de . November 11, 2016 ( tz.de [accessed November 12, 2016]).
  15. ^ Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial Site on Facebook Watch. Retrieved July 28, 2020 .

Coordinates: 48 ° 12 ′ 55 ″  N , 11 ° 29 ′ 30 ″  E