Grafting (plants)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Gap plug
A: Bark plug or lateral tip , B: improved bark plug
Omega plugs on grapevines

The stopper is a kind of plant breeding , with a scion to a pad placed is (grafted). The refinement is not limited to the combination of a base with a single noble rice. Additional varieties are regularly refined on the same substrate, either to have a pollinator variety (pollen donor) available for unfavorable locations, for example, or to obtain so-called "nibbling trees", in which several varieties are harvested on one tree, especially for small gardens can be. On the other hand, when nurses are refined grafted a second root system into a tree in order to combat feeding and frost damage, or to compensate for a wrong choice of rootstock.

Woods

Grafting (from Latin propaginare ), also known as “fur” (from Latin impelligare ), especially in the Middle Ages , is used on various ornamental and fruit trees. To multiply or to maintain a single plant, a noble rice is put together with a base . Often a sharpened branch is stuck into the cut and cut trunk of a young plant . This is done by hand or with a finishing machine using the so-called omega cut or triangulation (triangular cut). The connection of two pencil strong drives ( copulation ) is also quickly by means of a Pfropfschere or finishing scissors accomplished, a lopper cuts the scions and documents so it that with tongue and groove exactly fit into each other and the cambium layer thereby cut sharply (a section on the scion, a Cut to the base, join both parts and fix with adhesive tape).

The graft and receiving branch must be cut well to fit; the wound is hermetically sealed from the outside with tree wax. In professional hand grafting and vine grafting, melted wax is also used, in which the plants are dipped upside down to seal them airtight. The layer of bast under the astring bark (the cambium , the growth layer under the bark) then grows over to the bast layer of the noble rice, so that after a few weeks the juice can flow again and the buds of the noble rice, which have been dormant until then, sprout.

Grapevines

In the area of ​​vine refinement (wine), the refinement is carried out in the greenhouse , after which the plant is left outdoors for one vegetation period. The roots of these vines and the growth of the noble rice on the substrate are then checked. The good vines that are ready to be planted for the coming year are called grafted vines . The main motivation is the protection against phylloxera .

Succulents

Grafted cultivar Hibotan of Gymnocalycium mihanovichii

The grafting of cacti shows clear differences to the grafting of trees in terms of function and design. The purpose of grafting is to allow slow-growing or difficult-to-cultivate cacti to grow faster and easier, to keep mutants free of chlorophyll or to save cacti after root rot has occurred . A fast growing and easy to care for cactus such as Echinopsis pachanoi or Opuntia ficus-indica is used as a base. Slowly growing species of genera such as Lophophora , Ariocarpus or Astrophytum are grafted onto this in order to accelerate growth and to simplify keeping without the sensitive roots .

Chlorophyll-free mutations of cactus species such as Gymnocalycium mihanovichii can only be grown as grafts , since they are unable to photosynthesize due to a lack of chlorophyll .

In order to avoid infections by fungi or bacteria , sterile grafting is required. Both parts of the plant are placed on top of one another with their cut surfaces and grow together within two weeks.

Succulent euphorbias are often grafted onto Euphorbia trigona using the same procedure .

Multi-trees

If a noble variety, such as the Williams Christ pear, is grafted onto a disease-resistant basic variety, such as a pear, then further varieties can be added to it after it has branched out. In this way it is possible to design a tree that, thanks to 4 or more varieties, bears different types of pear for a longer period of the year when they ripen at different times. The grafting of another variety is also done in order to have a suitable pollen donor variety in the tree and thus to ensure better fruit set.

swell

  • Hans Hecht: Cacti and other succulents. 8th revised edition, (new edition). BLV-Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-405-15337-9 ( BLV Garden and Flower Practice ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See also Gerhard Eis : Gottfrieds Pelzbuch. Studies on the range and duration of the effects of the Middle High German specialist literature. Brno 1944 (= Southeast European Works, 38). Reprint Hildesheim 1966; and Hans Wiswe: The little plant and plug book of Johann Balhorn. In: Gundolf Keil , Rainer Rudolf, Wolfram Schmitt, Hans J. Vermeer (eds.): Specialist literature of the Middle Ages. Festschrift Gerhard Eis. Stuttgart 1968, pp. 225-244.
  2. ↑ Historical Lexicon of Bavaria : Martina Giese on the fur book of Gottfried von Franken
  3. ↑ Susanne Kiewisch: Fruit growing and winery in Latin technical prose writings of the 14th and 15th centuries. (Natural science dissertation Hamburg 1994) Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1995 (= Würzburg medical-historical research. Volume 57), p. 5.
  4. ↑ kakteenweb.de, accessed on April 5, 2010
  5. ↑ "Multi Trees" as a best seller orf.at, August 19, 2018, accessed August 19, 2018.

See also

Web links