Ascent aid (development)
In passenger transport (outside of the building access), all technical aids that make it easier for people to overcome height differences are summarized under ascent aid , also known as lift , as a transport system also for flat routes.
They are of particular importance as a tourism infrastructure , but also as a tool for development in agriculture, forestry and the alpine construction industry. Ascent aids are not only subject to trade law , transport law and construction law, but also environmental law ( landscape protection ), since as large-scale technical systems they have a special impact on the landscape and, along with ski slopes and driveways, represent the greatest interference in the landscape.
The term preferably includes:
- Railways , mostly designed as cog railways or mixed cogwheel and adhesion railways , occasionally, such as the Brockenbahn or the Uetlibergbahn , also as a pure adhesion railroad
-
Cable cars (EU-wide legal basis is Directive 2000/9 / EC on cable cars for passenger transport )
- Aerial tramways , gondolas , chairlifts (gondola and chair lifts for free-floating passenger transport, Ski lifts, so cable cars )
- T-bar lifts (for transporting skiers on the ground)
- Inclined elevators (if outside of buildings)
- Funiculars
- Elevators (legal basis in the EU until 2016 was Directive 95/16 / EC on elevators , since then Directive 2014/33 / EU ), in the narrower sense vertical car lifts and inclined lifts within buildings and structures
- Escalators (escalators) and moving walks ( moving walkways ) (EU-wide legal basis is Directive 2001/95 / EC on general product safety )
Railways and cable cars that have this function as an ascent aid are usually subsumed under the umbrella term of mountain railways . Ascent aids are particularly used in winter sports (in ski areas ), but also in the summer season , both as access to tourist attractions and gastronomy as well as for summer toboggan runs or flying mountains , but also for access to technical facilities on mountain peaks such as broadcasting facilities and observatories.
Transportation systems are also used as public transport , especially in cities with hilly topography .
Web links
- www.seilbahnen.at , portal of the Austrian Chamber of Commerce on the subject
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b The term occurs in particular in legal texts: For example, the Austrian Environmental Impact Assessment Act defines a ski area as: "an area made up of individual or connected technical ascent aids and the associated groomed or marked ski slopes [...]". Note 1a) to Z 12 b) Development of ski areas in Appendix 1 according to § 3 projects subject to EIA , Federal Act on Environmental Impact Assessment ( Environmental Impact Assessment Act 2000 - UVP-G 2000) . StF: BGBl. No. 697/1993 i. d. F. BGBl. I No. 51/2012 (as amended online ris.bka )
- ↑ see climbing aids . In: Salzburger Nachrichten : Salzburgwiki . - Focus on Austria and the state of Salzburg
- ↑ This also includes material ropeways , which are permitted within the framework of occupational health and safety regulations for restricted passenger transport.