August Schramm

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August ("Gustl") Schramm (also Augustín Schramm or Šram ; born March 2, 1907 in Horní Růžodol (Ober-Rosenthal) near Reichenberg in Northern Bohemia ; † May 27, 1948 in Prague ) was a Czechoslovak politician ( KPTsch ), of Sudeten German origin .

Life

Schramm, the son of a social democratic and later communist party functionary, joined the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KPTsch) in 1927 . He held leading positions in the Communist Youth Association. On the VI. At the CPC Congress in March 1931, he was elected as its representative to the CPC Central Committee , of which he was a member until 1938. As a representative of the Communist Youth Association of Czechoslovakia, Schramm was a member of the Executive Committee of the Communist Youth International . In 1936 he was co-founder and chairman of the popular front organization of the German young communists in Czechoslovakia, "Deutscher Jugendbund". After the Munich Agreement in 1938 Schramm was an employee of the KPTsch committee for refugees and emigrants in Prague.

After the occupation of the rest of the territory of the Czechoslovak Republic by the German Wehrmacht in March 1939, initially intended for a managerial function in the underground, Schramm emigrated to the Soviet Union in the same year . He first worked in the Stalingrad tractor factory . Schramm then attended the International Lenin School of the Comintern in Moscow and worked on the Czech broadcasts on Moscow Radio . He entered the Red Army , where he rose to the rank of major .

From June 1944 he worked on behalf of the CPC's foreign office as a political commissar in the training facility for partisan organizers at the Ukrainian staff of the partisan movement in Kiev , and later as a representative of the CPC on the partisan movement at the War Council of the 1st Ukrainian Front and then the 4th Ukrainian Front. In 1944 he was responsible for the partisan groups operating on the territory of Czechoslovakia.

In 1945 Schramm returned to Prague and from 1946 headed the partisan and underground department of the CPC Central Committee. He was also an important employee of the Soviet Intelligence Service ( NKVD ). Schramm was also secretary of the Svaz národní revoluce (German Federation for National Revolution) and member of the board of the Svaz českých partyzánů (German Federation of Czech Partisans), which he co-founded . He was actively involved in the February revolution in 1948 . Schramm's name is variously associated with the sudden death of the Czechoslovak Foreign Minister Jan Masaryk on March 10, 1948 (so-called Third Prague Lintel ).

In May 1948 Schramm was the victim of an assassination attempt . He was shot dead on the morning of May 27, 1948 in his apartment in the Vinohrady district of Prague . The act was blamed on the Czechoslovak exile. The 23-year-old student Miloslav Choc, who illegally returned to Czechoslovakia from exile in Regensburg , was sentenced to death on November 25, 1948. The sentence was carried out on February 16, 1949.

literature

  • Josef Přikryl: 1. čs. partyzánská brigáda Jana Žižky. Srpen-listopad 1944 . Ostrava, Profil 1976, p. 19.
  • Jan Gebhart, Ján Šimovček: Partisans in Czechoslovakia 1941 to 1945 . Military Publishing House of the German Democratic Republic, Berlin 1989, p. 434.
  • Jan Foitzik:  Schramm (Šram, Šrám), August (in) (Gustav, Gustl). In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 11, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1999, ISBN 3-7001-2803-7 , p. 168.
  • Biographical lexicon on the history of the Czech lands. Published on behalf of the Collegium Carolinum (Institute) by Ferdinand Seibt , Hans Lemberg and Helmut Slapnicka, Volume III, Munich 2000, ISBN 3 486 55973 7 , page 751
  • Jozef Jablonický: Samizdat o odboji: Štúdie a články . Volume 2. Kalligram, Bratislava 2006, p. 317f.
  • Jaroslav Rokoský: Případ Zdeněk Boček a spol. Studenti práv Univerzity Karlovy proti totalitě . In: Paměť a dějiny (2009), volume 3, pp. 108–123.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jaroslav Kojzar: Osudové okamžiky: Oběť vyslaného agenta - major Augustin Schramm . In: Haló noviny , May 14, 2012.
  2. ^ Prokop Tomek (text): Na frontě studené války. Československo 1948–1956 (exhibition catalog) (PDF; 8.6 MB). Vydal Ústav pro studium totalitních režimů, Prague 2009, ISBN 978-80-87211-14-4 , p. 11.
personal data
SURNAME Schramm, August
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Šram, Augustín; Schramm, Augustín; Schramm, Gustl
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Czechoslovak communist of Sudeten German origin
DATE OF BIRTH March 2, 1907
PLACE OF BIRTH Liberec
DATE OF DEATH May 27, 1948
Place of death Prague