Wilhelm Drill

Wilhelm Drill (born August 31, 1873 in Paasdorf ; died 1942 ) was an Austrian doctor and medical advisor who practiced in Mauer until 1938 . In the course of the Holocaust , he was deported to Włodawa on April 27, 1942, together with his wife Auguste Drill . Both were eventually murdered.

Life

Drill graduated from high school in Nikolsburg in southern Bohemia and obtained his doctorate in medicine from the University of Vienna . He then worked as a secondary doctor at the General Hospital in Vienna for five years .

General practitioner in brick wall

At the turn of 1903/04 he set up as a general practitioner in the then still independent community of Mauer south of Vienna. In 1907 he moved to the Bernheierhaus in Maurer Lange Gasse 62 on the corner of Kirchengasse (today Geßlgasse).

Hospital commandant in the First World War

During the First World War , from August 1914 to November 1918, Wilhelm Drill was the hospital commandant in charge of the reserve hospital in Bosnia . He has received several awards for his services, including the Golden Cross of Merit with the crown on a ribbon, the Kuk Medal of Bravery and the Cross of Honor of the Red Cross .

Medical Council

Drill also followed his profession after his military service, again in Mauer. Politically, he never emerged. On April 6, 1925, he married Auguste Taussig (born on March 18, 1887 in Vienna Vll., Roman Catholic) at the municipal district office in Alsergrund . The marriage remained childless.

Drill eventually became a doctor for a number of health insurance companies, was sworn in by the community of Mauer as the second coroner and represented the respective community doctor . In 1936, the community council of Mauer bei Wien decided unanimously to obtain the title of medical councilor for Drill in recognition of his longstanding services.

Professional ban and expulsion from the wall

After the annexation of Austria he fell under the provisions of the Nuremberg Laws and was banned from working. In the summer of 1938 he only treated Jewish patients in his practice. He closed his practice in accordance with the regulations of the Nazi regime on September 30, 1938. As a result, he had to use the middle name Israel. On February 7, 1941, a security notice was issued for the payment of 11,700 RM so-called Reich flight tax on the grounds that "findings suggest that he will give up his residence in the Reich". Before Germany's attack on the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, the last possibility to leave the country was the overland route via the Soviet Union to Shanghai in China. However, it is not known whether the Drill couple actually wanted to flee.

On August 17, 1941, Wilhelm Drill and his wife had to leave their apartment in Mauer and move to Rotenturmstrasse 21 in the 1st district; in February 1942 they were both sent to a temporary camp in the 2nd district of Vienna.

Deportation and murder

On April 27, 1942 at 7:11 p.m., a deportation transport with 1,000 Jewish men, women and children left Vienna's Aspang train station. Auguste and Wilhelm Drill were also among the deportees. The destination of the transport was the small Polish town of Włodawa , around a hundred kilometers east of the district capital Lublin and eleven kilometers north of the Sobibor extermination camp . The majority of the population of Włodawa - around 70% - was of Jewish origin. In addition to those deported from Vienna, 800 men, women and children from Mielec also arrived in the small town in April 1942 , which considerably worsened the living conditions of both the local residents and the deportees. Around 1,500 men were declared “working Jews” and used for drainage and river regulation work. “Between May 22 and 24, 1942, the first» Jewish action «took place in the Wlodawa ghetto. 500 old and disabled Jews, the greater part of them from Wlodawa, but also deportees from the "German Reich", were arrested by the security service of the SS (SD) with the help of local auxiliary troops and brought to Sobibor. This "action" already resulted in a massacre in Wlodawa with a considerable number of victims. "

In the summer of 1942, more than a hundred children between the ages of ten and fourteen were forcibly separated from their parents and deported to Sobibor. In the early morning hours of October 24, 1942, work began on dissolving the ghetto. SD, gendarmerie, protection police and local workers from the Trawniki camp arrested the Jewish population of Włodawa, rounded up more than 6,000 Jews, some of them from labor camps in the area, on the sports field and finally took them to the train station. 500 workers were released there, the others were transported to Sobibor and murdered there. At the beginning of November, these so-called “working Jews” were also deported. In the absence of sufficient transport capacities, the SS murdered many of them in the Włodawa station area.

Of the 1,000 deported to Włodawa, three survived. Auguste and Wilhelm Drill were not among the survivors. On May 8, 1945 Wilhelm Drill was pronounced dead.

Awards

• Golden Cross of Merit with the crown
• Kuk Medal of Bravery
• Decoration of honor II class for services to the Red Cross

Commemoration

Memorial stone

Street named after Wilhelm Drill

• In 1954, the former Türkengasse in the Liesing district of Mauer was renamed Drillgasse by a resolution of the municipal council committee for culture .
• In front of the last residence of the Drill family in Vienna-Liesing , in front of the Maurer house at Lange Gasse 62, where Wilhelm Drill's ordination was also located, a memorial stone was created for the couple on September 10, 2014 by the Stones of Remembrance Initiative in Liesing relocated. The two names can also be found in the list of Liesinger Victims of National Socialism 1938 - 1945 .

literature

• Felix Czeike : Historical Lexicon Vienna . Vienna: Verlag Kremayr & Scheriau 1992–2004.
• Yad Vashem : Central database of the names of the Holocaust victims , retrieval of the name Wilhelm Drill on June 27, 2015.

Web links

Commons : Wilhelm Drill  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ There are slightly diverging sources about the date and place of birth. Yad Vashem names August 30, 1873 and Nikolsburg in the Czech Republic as the place of birth, the documentation archive of the Austrian resistance gives the above dates. The two places are close to each other and were both part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the date of birth .
2. ↑ ^{a b c} Stones of Remembrance in Liesing : Liesing Victims of National Socialism 1938 - 1945 , CV of Dr. Wilhelm Drill, accessed June 27, 2015.
3. ↑ A Letter To The Stars : Birth and Deportation Dates of Auguste Drill , accessed June 27, 2015.
4. ↑ A Letter To The Stars : Birth and Deportation Dates of Wilhelm Drill , accessed on June 27, 2015.
5. ^ Documentation archive of the Austrian resistance : People search Wilhelm Drill , accessed on June 27, 2015.
6. ^ Peter Autengruber : Lexicon of Viennese street names. Meaning, origin, background information, previous designation (s). Vienna Pichler-Verlag, 9th edition 2014.
7. ↑ David, Jewish cultural magazine: Persecuted, expelled, murdered ( Memento of the original from September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The  archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , For lasting memories through street names in Vienna 23rd, accessed on June 27, 2015.
8. ↑ Liesingen Victims of National Socialism 1938 - 1945 ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed June 27, 2015.