Włodawa
| Włodawa | ||
|---|---|---|
|
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Poland | |
| Voivodeship : | Lublin | |
| Powiat : | Włodawa | |
| Area : | 17.97 km² | |
| Geographic location : | 51 ° 33 ' N , 23 ° 33' E | |
| Height : | 270-290 m npm | |
| Residents : | 13,167 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Postal code : | 22-200 | |
| Telephone code : | (+48) 82 | |
| License plate : | Fiber optic | |
| Economy and Transport | ||
| Street : | Droga krajowa 82 | |
| Next international airport : | Rzeszów-Jasionka | |
| Gmina | ||
| Gminatype: | Borough | |
| Residents: | 13,167 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Community number ( GUS ): | 0619011 | |
| administration | ||
| Mayor : | Jerzy Wrzesień | |
| Website : | www.um.wlodawa.pl | |
Włodawa [ vwo'dava ] is a city in eastern Poland on the banks of the Bug River , on the border with Belarus and Ukraine . Since 1999 the city has belonged to the Lublin Voivodeship and is the seat of the Powiat Włodawa and the independent rural municipality of Włodawa . It has 13,628 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2014).
history
The first written mention of Włodawa (Wolodawa) comes from an Old Russian chronicle from 1242, in which Prince Daniel of Galicia-Volhynia is mentioned , who fled here before the Mongol storm in 1241, to one of the cities of his principality. 1346-1347 the surrounding area was attached to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , with the Włodawka River forming the border between Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland . From 1475 to the end of the 16th century, the Sanguszko family set the tone here. They built a castle here and promoted the prosperity of the place by mainly using its border location. In 1534 Włodawa received Magdeburg city rights . At this time the Jewish population began to move in, promoting trade and handicrafts.
The existence of a Jewish community in Włodawa is first attested in connection with the Lublin Fair in 1531. In 1623 the place sent a representative to the council of the four countries for the first time . The Jewish population fell victim to the Chmielnicki massacre in 1648, but was subsequently rebuilt. While the number of Jews was 630 here in 1765, it rose to 2236 by 1827 and to 6706 by 1907. In the late 19th century, 177 of the 184 shops in the town were owned by Jews. The first Zionist organization was founded in 1898, the Bund and Agudat Israel were also represented, and there was a Jewish girls' school.
German occupation in World War II
Until the Second World War and the Shoa / Holocaust , the Jewish population in Włodawa was over 70 percent. Immediately after the attack on Poland , the Jews were subjected to persecution by the German occupiers, but they did not initially set up a separate ghetto. Until the end of 1941, life for the Jews in Wlodawa was a little easier than in the rest of occupied Poland . However, the situation deteriorated dramatically in the course of 1942. In April 1942, around 800 Jews from Mielec were deported to Wlodawa along with around 1,000 Viennese Jews and from there over the next few months, starting on May 23, 1942, to the approx Sobibor extermination camp built 10 km south driven and murdered there.
In late autumn 1942, the German occupiers ordered the establishment of a "special ghettos" in Wlodawa for all Jews who volunteered their hiding places in the woods in the northeast of the province of Lublin tasks, where the so-called Parczew partisans in collaboration with Soviet and leftist Polish groups a partisan war led . As a result of the lack of weapons and food, as well as fear of the coming winter, some of the Jewish partisans trusted the German promises and settled in the newly established ghetto in Wlodawa.
On April 30, 1943, all prisoners in the alleged ghetto were deported to the Sobibor extermination camp and murdered there. Other victims were deported to one of the numerous labor camps such as Adampol . A memorial on a country road commemorates the Jews from Włodawa who were killed in Adampol. The Small Synagogue and the magnificently furnished baroque Great Synagogue in Włodawa have been preserved .
Włodawa rural commune
Włodawa is the seat of a rural community of the same name, but is not part of it itself. The rural community in the south and north of the city has an area of 243.7 km², on which 6074 people live (June 30, 2019).
Attractions
- Muzeum Pojezierza Łęczyńsko-Włodawskiego. The museum includes the Great Synagogue , an annex to the west of it from 1928 and the “Small Synagogue” from the second half of the 18th century.
- Sobibor memorial with memorial and mausoleum (on the territory of the rural community).
Well-known people from Włodawa
- Andrzej Wirth (1927–2019), theater scholar who founded the Institute for Applied Theater Studies at the Justus Liebig University in Gießen in 1982 , from which a large number of post-dramatic playwrights and directors emerged
literature
- Regional Court Hanover, October 29, 1964 . In: Justice and Nazi crimes . Collection of German convictions for Nazi homicidal crimes 1945–1966, Vol. XX, edited by Irene Sagel-Grande, HH Fuchs, CF Rüter . Amsterdam: University Press, 1979, No. 582, pp. 517-581 Subject matter of the proceedings: Deportation of at least 6,700 Jewish men, women and children from Wlodawa who were then gassed in KL Sobibor or shot near Wlodawa. Several Jews were shot individually, mostly for violating the ordinance on residence restrictions in the Generalgouvernement. Some Jews employed in the Kazimierz border police station and two Jews suspected of resistance in Sosnovice were shot. A Polish civilian was shot dead on suspicion of participating in an attack on a German authority. Shooting of at least 20 Russian prisoners of war after attempting to escape or in execution of order number 8.
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ^ Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust, Shmuel Spector, NYU Press, 2001, Volume 3, p. 1452