Augustinian monastery in Hallein

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Picture of Hallein with the Augustinian monastery (left on the Georgsberg)

The Augustinian monastery in Hallein was located on the Georgsberg in the city of Hallein in the state of Salzburg . The monastery was founded in 1682 by Archbishop Max Gandolf von Kuenburg and settled by Augustinian hermits . The monastery belonged to the Salzburg-Tyrolean province of the Austrian Augustinians. In the course of secularization , the monastery was dissolved in 1810. The buildings were damaged by fire in 1943 and demolished in 1962 in order to build a school building.

history

A church or chapel ( Aput montem S. Georgii ) had stood on the Georgsberg in Hallein since the 13th century , as can be seen from a land registry entry by the St. Peter monastery from 1230 . In the documents of the Salzburg citizen hospital in 1347 a foundation is mentioned, according to the Altman der Smid, citizen of Hallein bequeathed to the church sand Kathrein on sand Georgiperck 30d . At that time the church was consecrated to St. Catherine , in 1465 it is referred to as Capella S. Georgii in monte S. Georgii in an indulgence by Bishop Rudolf von Lavant . Only a pen drawing from 1632 ( instead of Hällein, based on Persepctivae ) by Johann Faistenauer testifies to this previous building , on which a Gothic church with a pointed tower on the Georgsberg and the stairs leading up can be seen.

The first had Archbishop Wolf Dietrich in 1604 the intention under the leadership of the Augustinian Order a Klösterl for 7 or 8 people with at least four priests how to Mülln to build in Hallein. This idea was not realized for the time being, but in 1650 the Augustinians were assigned the vicariate on the Dürrnberg , or the vicariate and pilgrimage church of Dürrnberg . In 1661 they bought the old “Positiv” (organ) , one of the two organ instruments of the Dürrnberg church, for the Georgskirche and paid 24 guilders for it . Then they asked Archbishop Paris von Lodron for permission to found a Clösterl or Conventus formatus , at the same time, because of the lack of space at the Dürrnberg church, they asked for a union with the church on Georgsberg.

This wish was fulfilled in 1682 by Cardinal Archbishop Max Gandolf von Kuenburg , who donated 16,000 guilders for the foundation of the Augustinian monastery and incorporated the St. George's Church into the monastery. The monastery was supposed to promote the re-catholicization in the Salzburger Land, whereby the teachings of the so-called faith renewers had spread especially among the miners in Hallein and on the Dürrnberg (→ Deferegger and Dürrnberger Exulanten ).

Here the monks began to build their monastery, which abutted across the existing church. In 1683 the construction of a new baroque church began in the east of the monastery and at the same place as the old church. Father Nicolaus Schluderpacher worked out the plan for this. On October 15, 1702, the new monastery church was consecrated. However, this was by no means completed, but invoices for the furnishings of the church can be found throughout the 18th century (1703 age sheets, 1704 pews, 1727 design for the high altar, 1774 side altars, 1770 pulpit, 1776 organ). The works were created by the painters Johann Jacob Schemberger and Johann Michael Greiter, the stonemason Johann Doppler and the sculptor Johann Georg Hitzl. The monastery was not particularly rich, but its property was increased again and again by foundations: For example, a Wolfgang Päbinger donated the Wetzergartten, which adjoins the stairs to St. Georgen to the east and the Clostergartten to the south, to the monastery or Abbot Placidus von in 1732 St. Peter in Saltzburg, hf Privy Council, grants the monastery and convent of St. Georgen Ordinis Eremitorum Sancti Augustini ob Hällein, the right of inheritance to Gut Egg above St. Georgen , which belonged to Johann Kämbl, who emigrated from this estate for reasons of faith .

The monastery and the church on Georgsberg were reached from the south via a path, but from the west the famous baroque red marble outside staircase led to the church, which was built between the parapet walls and chapels. The monastery and church were assembled in the shape of a Ts. The west gallery of the church began in the middle of the four-story monastery building. The monastery, whose foundation walls began two stories below the church building, included a kitchen and orchard, a summer house and a bowling alley. The beer brewing facilities with a brewhouse, a Bräumisterstüberl on the first floor and basement and storage rooms were located in the utility wing. In the north there was a prior garden , which was equipped with a fountain, ornamental beds and a small chapel. On the first floor, at the level of the church, there was the refectory in the north and the library in the south. In between was the sacristy with a small brotherhood chapel. The top floor housed the prior's rooms and the cells of the Augustinian monks.

The church is said to have been one of the most magnificent baroque churches in Tennengau . It was crowned by a three-quarter dome and an eight-sided lantern . The nave had three bays and two side chapels were attached to it. A retracted triumphal arch separated the nave and choir. A crypt below was only accessible from the outside. The stucco decoration dates from 1700. The ceiling was divided by stucco belts, between which ceiling paintings from the life of Christ as well as the apostles and evangelists were depicted. Light came through wide oval windows above and rectangular windows that were inserted between the pilasters of the nave. The west gallery was already included in the monastery building and separated from the nave by a drawn-down arch. A small organ gallery with the Egedacher organ was located above a forged lattice that was made in 1775 by a Hallein master. The high altar picture showed Saint George riding a white horse that leaps over two dragons. The marble altars in the side chapels were consecrated to Mary and Joseph, one of the altarpieces showed the Madonna with religious saints and the death of Joseph. The altars were richly decorated with figures of saints. Behind the altarpieces stood sacred bodies with richly embroidered silk robes, which were shown to the faithful at festive times by removing the altarpieces.

In 1810 the monastery was secularized . As early as 1811, the Hallein nursing court, later the district court, moved into the monastery. The last monk died in 1815. In 1850 the church was assigned to the Benedictine Abbey Michaelbeuern .

Remainder of the former staircase to the Augustinian monastery

End of the monastery and the church on the Georgenberg

During the Nazi era , a home for the Hitler Youth was to be built in the monastery . The planning architect Otto Strohmayr envisaged so-called “scribe rooms, driver's rooms, workshops and a roll call hall” in the former monastery; In the former monastery church, "the new HJ celebration hall should find its place".

On March 23, 1943, a fire broke out in the southern wing of the monastery, which was then used as a prison for prisoners of war. The fire also hit the parish church and the stations of the cross on the old Dürrnbergstraße through flying sparks. The damage in the buildings, which are mostly covered with wooden shingles, was considerable. However, the pictures after the fire show that the monastery and church were by no means completely destroyed. The fire had destroyed the roof structure of the monastery and the church. The wooden vault fell down, but the pews and wall decorations were not damaged. The roof of the chancel dome remained, however, falling beams set the high altar on fire and also destroyed the large hanging crucifix that hung from the choir arch. The two side chapels remained completely intact. Likewise the sides of the nave with pulpit, organ gallery and rococo forged grille. Also the art treasures of the church (putti and figures of saints, candlesticks, tabernacles, canon tablets, reliquary skeletons of the side altars, wrought iron grilles of the side chapels).

Some of the art treasures went to Michaelbeuern, some probably disappeared due to theft, as the fire ruins were not secured. Only the rooms of the monastery with the district court were covered with a flat emergency roof, while loose architectural parts in the church had been removed by blasting (!). The church building was doomed to a ruin. The district court first relocated near the train station and then after the construction of an official building in Schwarzstrasse (1956 to 1958).

In 1959 the Hallein Realgymnasium acquired the ruins of the monastery for a new school. In 1962/63 the demolition work began, which only made the enormous existence of the monastery buildings visible. According to plans by the architect Wilhelm Hubatsch , the school building was built with a smooth facade and a large window front facing the city. An expansion of the school was planned by Franz Huber in 1987 and implemented in 1990–1993. The flat roofs were replaced by hipped pitched roofs with copper cladding and the ribbon windows replaced with individual windows with bars; Today two staircase towers structure the former uniform facade. Today the Bundesgymnasium and Bundesrealgymnasium Hallein are located here .

Most of the baroque stairs to the Georgsberg disappeared in the course of the demolition work, only at the foot of the Georgsberg a small piece of the outside staircase is still preserved. The Klosterstiege association is currently trying to rebuild, but is currently unsuccessful due to objections from a local resident.

literature

  • Peter Husty: The Augustinian monastery on the Georgsberg in Hallein. Salzburg - Archiv , 1993, Volume 16, pp. 17–46.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The Austrian Augustinians ( Memento of the original from February 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.augustiner.at
  2. ^ Parish archive Dürrnberg: Older parish history, written by GR Josef Lackner 1949–1970 , Volume 1, p. 57. Quoted from: Roman Schmeißner: Orgelbau in Salzburger Wallfahrtskirchen , Duisburg & Cologne: WiKu-Verlag 2015, ISBN 978-3-86553- 446-0 , pp. 23 and 33.
  3. ↑ Document from the St. Antony parish church in Hällein from December 4, 1732
  4. ^ Document dated September 23, 1735 from St. Peter's Monastery
  5. ↑ http://othes.univie.ac.at/15628/1/2011-04-18_9327565.pdf Ingrid Holzschuh: Otto Strohmayr (1900–1945) Hitler's architect for the redesign of the city of Salzburg under National Socialism. Dissertation, University of Vienna

Web links

Coordinates: 47 ° 40 ′ 42.6 "  N , 13 ° 5 ′ 34.5"  E