Aurel from Szily

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Aurel von Szily (born June 1, 1880 in Budapest , Austria-Hungary ; died September 13, 1945 in Budapest) was a Hungarian-German ophthalmologist .

Life

Aurel Szily's father, Adolf Szily, was an ophthalmologist and head of the Jewish hospital in Budapest; he was ennobled in 1902. His brother Pál Szily was also a doctor and also a chemist with merits in the early stages of the introduction of the pH scale . Aurel von Szily went to school in Budapest and from 1898 studied medicine at the University of Budapest and in Freiburg (Breisgau) . After receiving his doctorate in 1905, he worked at the Freiburg University Clinic for twenty years (until 1924) , where he was appointed associate professor in 1913. This was interrupted by research stays in 1907/08 at the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin and in 1908/09 at the Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Heidelberg with Vinzenz Czerny . In 1910 he completed his habilitation. During the First World War he was deployed in war hospitals and published the Atlas of War Ophthalmology in 1918 . He received the Baden War Merit Cross and the Iron Cross 2nd class . In 1924 he moved to Münster as a full professor at the newly founded eye clinic, which he gained an international reputation. In 1932/33 he was dean. Von Szily was co-editor in 1927 and Wilhelm Uhthoff's successor in 1930 as editor of the clinical monthly sheets for ophthalmology .

After the handover of power to the National Socialists in 1933, in a nationally conservative misunderstanding of National Socialism, he appealed to medical colleagues abroad in April 1933 to "oppose the ridiculous lie propaganda put to work by dark elements against the German people". He was forcibly displaced the end of 1935 to retirement, with retroactive effect in August 1937 emeritus . He also lost the editor of the monthly ophthalmology journal. In September 1939, he and his family had to emigrate to Hungary, where he had a private practice.

The anti-Semitism prevailing in Hungary prevented an appointment to the Budapest university or a clinic. In the German Reich , his German citizenship was revoked in November 1941, he lost his official pension and his assets in Germany were confiscated. He escaped the persecution of Jews in Budapest organized in 1944 by the Eichmann Command , Hungarian fascists and compliant Hungarians . After the end of the Second World War, he was appointed professor at the University of Budapest on September 1, 1945 . The call back to Münster never reached him, he died on September 13, 1945. He is buried on the Kerepesi temető .

He conducted research on embryology and development history (including evidence of the embryological origin of the iris muscles from the ectoderm), anatomy and immunology of the eye. He was the first to recognize the role of allergic reactions to the eye. With his assistant Helmut Machemer, he developed an electrolysis method for treating retinal detachment. His Atlas of War Ophthalmology was a standard work. In 1944 he completed the extensive work Comparative Morphogenesis and Morphography of the Papilla Nervi Optici, which, however, could not be printed during the chaos of the war and which was later not published despite the efforts of his wife.

In 1925 he received the Graefe Prize. He was from 1927 in the International Council of Ophthalmology and he was on the board of the International Association for the Prevention of Blindness. In 1925 he received the Graefe Prize.

A stumbling block in Münster reminds of his eviction.

He was married to Margarete Eissler (around 1885 - October 3, 1929), they had their son Clemens (1912) and their daughter Gabriele (1915). Margarete von Szily died in 1929 and was buried in Vienna, where she was born. In his second marriage, von Szily was married to Walburga Freiin von Spiegel (1888–) from 1932 . She was expelled from Hungary in 1949.

Fonts (selection)

  • Histiogenetic studies , JF Bergmann, Wiesbaden 1907.
  • About the development of a fibrillar supporting tissue in the embryo and its relationship to the vitreous body question , JF Bergmann, Wiesbaden 1908.
  • Anaphylaxis in ophthalmology , Enke, Stuttgart 1914.
  • Atlas of War Ophthalmology. Collection of wartime ophthalmological observations and experiences from the University Eye Clinic in Freiburg i. Br. Enke, Stuttgart 1918.
  • Diseases of the tear ducts, the linder, the connective skin, leather skin and cornea , Thieme, Leipzig 1924.
  • Thyroid and Eye , Grill, Budapest 1937.

literature

  • Gisela Möllenhoff, Rita Schlautmann-Overmeyer: Jewish families in Münster 1918 to 1945. Biographical lexicon. Westphalian Steam boat, Münster 1995, ISBN 3-929586-48-7 .
  • Jens Martin Rohrbach: Ophthalmology in National Socialism , Schattauer, Stuttgart 2007.
  • Hans Joachim Küchle: Aurel von Szily. Life and Work , Münster 1981.
  • Julius Virnyi: In memory of Aurel von Szily , floor talk, University of Münster, 2014
  • F. Krogmann, K. Kapronczay, D. Angetter: Szily, Pál von / Szily, Aurel von, Austrian Biographical Lexicon

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Salomon Wininger : Great Jewish National Biography . Kraus Reprint, Nendeln 1979, ISBN 3-262-01204-1 (reprint of the Czernowitz edition 1925). Volume VI, p. 77
  2. ↑ quoted from: Gisela Möllenhoff; Rita Schlautmann-Overmeyer: Jewish families in Münster 1918 to 1945. Biographical Lexicon , p. 467.
  3. ↑ Margarete von Szily's tomb in Vienna comes from Eduard Hauser
personal data
SURNAME Szily, Aurel von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian-German ophthalmologist
DATE OF BIRTH June 1, 1880
PLACE OF BIRTH Budapest
DATE OF DEATH September 13, 1945
Place of death Budapest