Vincenz Czerny

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Vincenz Czerny
Czerny during an operation in the lecture hall

Vincenz Czerny , full name Vincentius Florianus Franciscus Czerny, (born November 19, 1842 in Trautenau , Bohemia , † October 3, 1916 in Heidelberg ) was a German surgeon , university professor and pioneer of oncology .

Life

Vincenz Czerny, son of a pharmacist of the same name from Trautenau, studied medicine at the Charles University in Prague from 1860 , where he joined the Corps Austria in 1867 . He then continued his studies at the University of Vienna under Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke , where he gained an extensive scientific education. In 1866 he passed the state examination and received his doctorate in Dr. med. and then worked at the Vienna Dermatology Clinic. In 1867 he was an assistant doctor at the medical clinic and was awarded a master's degree in obstetrics; of surgery.

From 1868 to 1871 he was assistant to the famous surgeon Theodor Billroth and completed his habilitation in 1871 in Vienna for internal medicine summa cum laude . Czerny made numerous attempts at esophageal and larynx surgery . In 1871 he followed a call mediated by Billroth as a surgical professor at the University of Freiburg .

In 1877, Czerny took over the chair of surgery at the University of Heidelberg as the successor to Gustav Simon, as well as the management of the surgical clinic with over 120 beds. Under his leadership, the Heidelberg University Surgical Clinic gained significant expansion and importance. Hedwig von Schlichting was superior of the nursing service from 1889 to 1894.

Under Privy Councilor Czerny, on October 1, 1895, a dental department was established in the University Surgical Clinic.

The first general anesthetic methods and asepsis were developed during Czerny's years of teaching and research . His intensive experimental program essentially served to gain scientific knowledge for the further development of surgical operation methodology. Czerny described numerous standard operations on the esophagus, stomach and urogenital tract as well as gynecological -operative interventions in gynecology .

During his work as a doctor and researcher, he made the decision to build his own healing and care facility for his cancer patients and at the same time to found a scientific research institute in order to better research the genesis of the various carcinomas "under one roof". From 1901 Czerny campaigned against numerous opposition for the realization of his ideas and plans. In 1902 Czerny became prorector of Heidelberg University. In 1906 he resigned in order to devote himself entirely to setting up the Institute for Experimental Cancer Research , which he founded and which is regarded as the forerunner of today's German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) in Heidelberg. It consisted of a sanatorium and nursing home for 47 cancer patients, the Samaritan House , and two scientific departments. At the inauguration in 1906, at Czerny's initiative, the first international conference for cancer research took place in Heidelberg and Frankfurt / M. instead of. The Red Cross nurse Pia Bauer became the superior of the nursing service in the Samaritan House . He was able to win over the serologist Emil von Dungern to head the biological department, where Ludwik Hirszfeld also worked from 1907 to 1911 , until he himself was appointed to head a cancer institute at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf in 1913 . With this idea of ​​bringing basic research and clinical medicine together under one roof, Czerny founded the research area of ​​experimental cancer research. In 1908 he became president of the newly established International Association for Cancer Research . The annual reports he founded are standard in the Heidelberg clinic to this day.

Between 1901, the year it was first awarded, and 1916, Czerny received several nominations for the Nobel Prize . He regularly and often successfully proposed candidates, such as Rudolf Virchow and Robert Koch , who received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1905 . Even though he had also been nominated for the Nobel Prize three times, he never received this award.

Czerny died in 1916 of complications from radiation-induced leukemia and was laid to rest in a spacious family grave in the Heidelberg mountain cemetery (Section T). A column fragment in the Doric style, made of black granite, reminiscent of an obelisk, forms the imposing center of the complex.

Contribution to bedside medical training

Another concern of Czerny was to improve bedside medical education. He formulated appropriate guidelines for this and was also able to achieve that in 1901 a practical year was introduced as an integral part of medical training. In contrast to Emil Kraepelin , Czerny refrained from having the prospective doctors count, add and subtract in exams. This method did not seem particularly suitable to him for testing mental abilities.

Services to the office of school doctor

Vincenz Czerny was of the opinion that a state which obliges the prime of its youth to do several years of school work must also ensure that the pupils should not only thrive mentally but also physically during this time. He therefore demanded that permanent school doctors examine every student at the beginning and the end of a school year and exert influence on the establishment of the timetable. Czerny noticed that the students were pale, nervous, and curved backbones and therefore asked for a rethink. These observed diseases were made the subject of the first international congress for school hygiene, which took place in Nuremberg in 1904, on Czerny's recommendation. Classes in the old languages ​​at the grammar school should, according to Czerny, be reduced to one hour a day, whereby the main emphasis should be placed on the understanding of the old writers and not on grammatical quibbles. Czerny thought that being too preoccupied with grammar was not suitable for children. It is good for the students to move more instead of sitting on the hard school desks.

Honors

Grave of the Czerny family in the Bergfriedhof (Heidelberg)

Publications (selection)

See Marianne Ferber, Irmgard Riemschneider: Directory of the writings and lectures of Vinzenz Czerny . In: Ruperto-Carola 19, 41, 1967, pp. 237-244

  • About caries of the tarsal bones , ([Volkmann's] collection of clinical lectures), Leipzig, 1874.
  • Studies on the radical treatment of hernias . In: Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 27, 1877, pp. 497-500, 527-530, 553-556, 578-581.
  • Contributions to operative surgery , Stuttgart 1878.
  • About the eradication of uterine cancer . In: Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 29, 1879, pp. 1171–1174.
  • About the enucleation of subperitoneal fibromas of the uterus through the vaginal vault; vaginal myoniotomy. In: Wiener medical Wochenschrift. Volume 31, 1881, pp. 501-505 and 525-529.
  • On the operability of brain tumors. In: Negotiations of the German Society for Surgery. Volume 21, 1892, pp. 33-36.
  • On the development of surgery during the 19th century and its relation to teaching . Heidelberg 1903.

literature

Web links

Commons : Vincenz Czerny  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Page 35. In: Birth matrick of the city and suburb of Trautenaus. From 1841. Nro. 4. Státní oblastní archive v Zámrsku, November 19, 1842 accessed on 15 August 2018 .
  2. Kösener Corpslisten 1930, 30 , 54.
  3. Barbara I. Tshisuaka: Czerny, Vinzenz von. 2005, p. 283.
  4. Axel Bauer , Karin Langsch: The establishment of dentistry at the University of Heidelberg 1895-1945. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 9, 1991, pp. 377-392; here: p. 377.
  5. Juliane C. Wilmanns : Vincenz von Czerny , in: Wolfgang U. Eckart and Christoph Gradmann (eds.): Ärztelexikon. From antiquity to the 20th century , 1st edition, CH Beck Munich 1995, ISBN 3-406-37485-9 , pp. 105-106; 3rd edition Springer Heidelberg, Berlin et al. 2006, ISBN 978-3-540-29584-6 and ISBN 978-3-540-29585-3 , pp. 90-91.
  6. Annette Tuffs: A pioneer in cancer research. The Heidelberg surgeon Vincenz Czerny died on October 3, 1916 - he never received the Nobel Prize , in: Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung , Thursday, October 6, 2016, No. 232, Wissenschaft p. 26.
  7. Heidelberg University Hospital , press release 2016/120, Wolfgang U. Eckart : Vinzenz Czerny - the great Heidelberg surgeon, radiation therapist and cancer researcher: October 3, 2016 marks the 100th anniversary of his death . Website Heidelberg University Hospital: Vinzenz Czerny
  8. ^ Bier-Zeitung zum Kliniker-Kommers on June 9, 1894 in honor of Mr. Geh.-Rat Czerny , pp. 8–9.
  9. a b Vincenz Czerny: On the development of surgery during the 19th century and its relationship to teaching. Academic speech to celebrate the birthday of the most blessed Grand Duke Karl Friedrich on November 21, 1903, Heidelberg, Universitäts Buchdruckerei von J. Hörnig, 1903, p. 28, p. 33.
  10. ^ List of members since 1666: Letter C. Académie des sciences, accessed on November 3, 2019 (French).
  11. Members of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences since its foundation in 1909. Vincenz Czerny. Heidelberg Academy of Sciences, accessed on July 14, 2016 .
  12. Awarded annually since 1979 for the best scientific work in the field of clinical, experimental or theoretical oncology, the Vincenz-Czerny Prize for Oncology .