Maximilian Joseph of Chelius

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Maximilian Joseph von Chelius ( lithograph by Valentin Schertle)
Maximilian Joseph von Chelius in his study, 1864

Maximilian Joseph Chelius , from 1866 by Chelius , (born January 16, 1794 in Mannheim , † August 17, 1876 in Heidelberg ) was a German ophthalmologist and surgeon.

family

Maximilian Joseph von Chelius was the son of the surgeon and obstetrician Christoph Ernst Chelius (born February 26, 1754 in Groß-Gerau ) and Johanna Anna Ottilie Böhm (1764-1825). Maximilian married Anna Maria Waldburga von Sensburg on April 22, 1819 in Karlsruhe . She was the daughter of the Baden State Councilor Ernst Philipp von Sensburg (1752-1831) and Maria Magdalena Thecla Schmitz. This marriage resulted in three sons and a daughter: Philipp von Chelius (1820–1911), lawyer and chamberlain from Baden, whose son in turn was the Prussian officer Oskar von Chelius (1859–1923), Franz von Chelius (1821–1899), who, like his father, became a surgeon in Heidelberg, the daughter Thekla Anna Rosa Luise (born March 26, 1826 - † March 30, 1897), who married the imperial major general Moritz von Frankenberg and Ludwigsdorf (1820–1890), and Max von Chelius ( 1827–1892), Baden officer and civil servant.

Life

Honorary grave of Maximilian Joseph von Chelius in the Heidelberg Bergfriedhof in Department H new

Maximilian Chelius began his medical studies in 1808 at the age of 15 at the University of Heidelberg , where he received his doctorate in 1812 at the age of 18. As a student he was a member of the Corps Suevia . He first went to the civil and military hospital in Munich, then to Landshut, where he became a student of the surgeon Philipp von Walther . In 1813 he became a hospital doctor in Ingolstadt. In the same year, a typhus epidemic broke out among French prisoners of war in Ingolstadt. Chelius volunteered to look after the patients and contracted typhoid himself. In 1814/15 he worked as a regimental doctor in Baden. From 1815 to 1817 he undertook study trips to Vienna, Göttingen, Berlin, Halle, Leipzig, Würzburg, Jena and Paris. In 1817 he became an associate professor, and in 1818 a full professor of general and ophthalmic surgery at the University of Heidelberg. Under his leadership, the Heidelberg University Surgical Clinic gained national importance. One of his best-known patients was Frédéric Chopin , who had finger suppuration treated in Heidelberg. Chelius made a significant contribution to the development of the Medical Faculty at Heidelberg University . When the new operating room opened in 1894, a hundred years after Chelius was born, Vincenz Czerny emphasized that the University of Heidelberg owes it primarily to Chelius that the “despised medical school” in Heidelberg became a modern medical school based on the model School of Salerno became. A few years after the first attempts at anesthesia in Germany, Chelius also anesthetized the first patients in Heidelberg and, like almost all European surgeons at the time, used chloroform. From 1877, under Vincenz Czerny, the Heidelberg doctors also experimented with other anesthetics.

In 1834 and 1846 Chelius was Vice Rector of the University of Heidelberg. He was ten times a member of the Senate, eight times dean of the medical faculty. In 1864, after 46 years in office, Chelius asked for a retirement. In 1866 Chelius was raised to the hereditary nobility of Baden (baron).

He died in 1876 and was buried in the Heidelberg mountain cemetery. The tomb created by the sculptor Heinrich Greiff is made of white marble and consists of a Latin cross with a gothic edge contour. Family coats of arms and a staff of Aesculapius are incorporated into the arched field on double panels decorated in relief and inscribed. The tomb was probably erected for the wife Anna, who died 10 years earlier. In her family crest there is a tape with the slogan “If you are sure, act decisively”. The family coat of arms of Chelius has three roses and the motto “If you have any doubts, proceed carefully” on the ribbon.

His house, the Palais Morass , acquired in 1831 at the latest and inhabited by him until his death, became the seat of the Electoral Palatinate Museum of Heidelberg in 1906 . Chelius also owned a country estate in nearby Zuzenhausen.

Honors

Fonts (selection)

  • About the transparent cornea of ​​the eye, its function and its pathological changes. Müller, Karlsruhe 1818 ( digitized version ).
  • Handbook of Surgery: for use in his lectures. 2 volumes. Summer, Prague 1822.
  • Handbook of Ophthalmology: for use in his lectures. Groos, Heidelberg 1823 ( digitized version ).

literature

Web links

Commons : Maximilian Joseph von Chelius  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Source 2Ancestry
  2. ↑ * July 11, 1795 in Bruchsal (Bruchsal family book, M. Schlitz)
  3. ^ Armin Danco: The Yellow Book of the Corps Suevia zu Heidelberg, 3rd edition (members 1810–1985), Heidelberg 1985, No. 9.
  4. ↑ a b c Kerstin Prückner: "... from the area of ​​the entire healing arts". The "Heidelberger Klinische Annalen" and the "Medizinischen Annalen", a medical journal between natural philosophy and natural science, dissertation history of medicine, academic advisor Wolfgang U. Eckart , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg 2002, pp. 47–52.
  5. ↑ Vincenz Czerny: Speech given at the opening of the new operating room of the academic clinic in Heidelberg . In: Medical communications from and for Baden 48, 1894, p. 133 (based on the unprinted memories of Adolf Kussmaul ).
  6. ↑ From the surgeon's assistant to an equal partner. The history of intensive care medicine in Heidelberg is closely linked to the development of anesthesia into an independent specialist discipline , in: Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg (Ed.): KlinikTicker, 01 / March 2013, pp. 38 + 39.
  7. ↑ Leena Ruuskanen: The Heidelberg Bergfriedhof in the course of time , Verlag Regionalkultur, Ubstadt-Weiher 2008, ISBN 978-3-89735-518-7 , p. 159.
  8. ↑ Member entry of Maximilian Joseph Chelius at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on December 1, 2015.
personal data
SURNAME Chelius, Maximilian Joseph von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Chelius, Maximilian Joseph
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German ophthalmologist and surgeon
DATE OF BIRTH January 16, 1794
PLACE OF BIRTH Mannheim
DATE OF DEATH 17th August 1876
Place of death Heidelberg