Excerpt (university history)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

An excerpt is when students and / or professors leave a university town . Such an excerpt was sometimes the result of serious conflict in earlier times. As a sign of their protest, the students or university members including professors left the city. Such a behavior pattern already existed in the late Middle Ages.

Extracts in the Middle Ages

Several universities attribute their founding to an exodus of lecturers and students from another university. The most famous example is Cambridge University , which, according to legend, was founded in 1209 by academics who fell out with local authorities at Oxford . The University of Heidelberg was founded in 1386 when German students lost their scholarships for the Sorbonne as a result of the great occidental schism between Rome and Avignon . After disputes at the Charles University in Prague , many of the German teachers and students there moved to Leipzig (in the Margraviate of Meißen ) in 1409 , where the faculty of artists began teaching. The University of Leipzig received several buildings from both the city and the sovereigns. That same year, "was General Studies " by Pope Alexander V. confirmed.

No less than three extracts have survived from the University of Rostock ; The University of Greifswald emerged from the first .

The move was often preceded by a declaration of disrepute against the university or the citizens of the university town.

Excerpts in modern times

to water

Excerpts from the Giessen student body led to the Gleiberg and the Staufenberg in the 19th century.

Goettingen

Return of the Göttingen students from the Kerstlingeröder field in 1790

In the period around 1800, the departure of students was increasingly used as an economic means of pressure against the authorities or citizens of the university town in order to enforce student interests. Due to the great economic importance of the students for the often small university towns, this was not uncommon. So in 1790 the Göttingen students left the city to get more rights. They camped on the Kerstlingeröder field in front of the city gates. Due to the high loss of income of many citizens who lived on the provision of the students, the city fathers accepted the demands to get the students back. As is customary in such cases, the students returned to the city with great pomp and cheers from the population.

The move to Hannoversch Münden (1806) and the move to Witzenhausen (1818), the first place outside the Kingdom of Hanover, were less successful for the students.

Heidelberg

In Heidelberg there were three excerpts from the student body in the course of the 19th century: The first led on 13/14. July 1804 the two then existing country teams of the Rhinelander and Franco-Badenser (together about 200 people) after a conflict between students and military personnel to Neuenheim on the bank of the Neckar opposite the city of Heidelberg. At the request of the guilds and the magistrate, the university administration intervened with the Grand Ducal Government. With the consent of the elector, the rector assured full satisfaction, whereupon the students returned to the city with music and applause from the professors.

In August 1828, the corps of the Heidelberg Seniors' Convent and the fraternity raised the demand for changes to the statutes of the Heidelberg Museum Society and, when the latter refused, pronounced the society in disrepute. Since the senate then punished four fraternity members with prison penalties , the entire student body decided to free the prisoners, stormed the prison and on August 14th moved to Frankenthal via Ketsch and Mutterstadt (approx. 400 participants). Negotiations with the university failed. On August 17th, the majority of the university disreputed and dispersed, but numerous members of the corps in particular returned to Heidelberg for the following winter semester.

The last time 364 students moved out to Neustadt an der Haardt on July 17, 1848 under the leadership of the SC . This excerpt, which can be seen in connection with the revolutionary movement of 1848, was completed by the end of July.

Helmstedt

In the winter of 1790/1791, a conflict that lasted for weeks between students from the University of Helmstedt and the town's craftsmen, after a heavy tumult in February 1791, led the students to move to the neighboring village of Harbke . After the government of the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel and the mediation of Helmstedt's Mayor Georg Fein between the disputing parties, the students returned to the university town on March 2, 1791.

Jena 1792

In Jena, the chocolateists had caused unrest among the students. In protest against the relocation of the military to the city of Jena, some of the students moved to Nohra (in the Erfurt region) on July 19, 1792 , the first place outside the principality, to fight for freedom of assembly and association. After the Weimar ministers, u. a. Goethe , having fulfilled their demands, they moved back to Jena. The Livonian students then created a new flag on which one could read: Vivat Libertas Academica! (Long live academic freedom).

See also

literature

  • Karsten Bahnson: Academic excerpts from German university and college locations . Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, Göttingen 1973
  • Norbert Nail: Forms of student insubordination in the 19th century. In: Jörg Jochen Berns (Ed.), Marburg Pictures. A matter of opinion. Testimonies from five centuries. Vol. 2, Marburg 1996 (Marburger Stadtschriften zur Geschichte und Kultur; 53), pp. 209–229 (therein: The extracts from Gladenbach 1811 and 1815).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Goettingen City Archives to extract 1790
  2. ^ The corps life in Heidelberg during the nineteenth century . Heidelberg 1886, p. 16f.
  3. ^ The corps life in Heidelberg during the nineteenth century . Heidelberg 1886, pp. 44-47; Florian Hoffmann: "Boys out!" - The move of the Heidelberg student body to Frankenthal in 1828 . In: Frankenthal once and now 1/2, 2000, pp. 48–51.
  4. ^ The corps life in Heidelberg during the nineteenth century . Heidelberg 1886, p. 66f.
  5. ^ Georg Objartel: Language and way of life of German students in the 18th and 19th centuries . de Gruyter, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-11-045399-7 , p. 29 .
  6. Axel Kuhn and Jörg Schweigard: Freedom or Death (Stuttgarter Historische Forschungen 2), 2005, pp. 191–193, ISBN 3412147052