Kerstlingeröder field
The Kerstlingeröder field is now almost 200 hectares of open space in the Göttingen Forest . The forest was cleared for agricultural use in the early Middle Ages. In the 20th century the area served as a military training area for a long time. Today it is protected as a habitat for numerous rare animals and plants and is used by the Göttingen population as a local recreation area.
Settlement history
The Kerstlingeröder field was created at a time when the population was growing rapidly and areas that could be used for agriculture were scarce. Therefore, numerous forest areas have been converted into agricultural areas. Around 1300 a large area was cleared in the middle of the Göttingen Forest by the Lords of Kerstlingerode at Niedeck Castle in order to gain new arable land. In addition, a new village was founded here, which was named "Klein-Kerstlingerode" ("Klein-Kerstlingeroda") after its landowners. From an administrative point of view, the Kerstlingeröder field therefore belonged to the Niedeck court .
During the feud between the city of Göttingen and Otto the Quaden , the village was partially destroyed in 1387.
Since the “Zickenpump”, a small body of still water on the Kerstlingeröder field, could only partially cover the town's water needs, the village was abandoned around 1410 and fell desolate . However, the agricultural use of the land continued.
The Bishop of Mainz Johann II of Nassau had a chapel built in 1410 and in 1416 a manor of the Lords of Kerstlingerode is documented in place of the village. From 1418 the Kalandsbrüder cultivated the Kerstlingeröder field. During the Thirty Years' War (1618 to 1648) the buildings on the Kerstlingeröder field were largely burned down and destroyed. When the manor was damaged, it was repeatedly rebuilt by changing owners. The ruins that can still be seen today belong to the last manor house, which was dated 1753 and belonged to the von Wangenheim family from Waake until 1928.
In 1928 part of the land was given to the Reich Army Administration. During the Third Reich , the other areas had to be given up by the von Wangenheim family under political pressure from the National Socialists. After the Second World War from 1945 to 1956, the British Rhine Army practiced here before the site was handed over to the German Armed Forces. Until 1961, the agricultural management of the manor, which had also been inhabited until then, was continued. Then the military training operations were intensified, which led to the complete destruction of the manor in a very short time. According to Lücke (1969), greedy Germans in particular caused the estate's ultimate demise by unscrupulously cannibalizing it. According to Günther (2000, p. 79), the hour bell of the manor house with the year 1823 was found in the small pond next to the manor buildings according to a report by the district home maintenance department in 1963. The later whereabouts of the bell could not be determined. A copper engraving from 1820 shows the manor building without the construction of the small clock tower.
An expansion of the military training area by clearing of about 64 hectares, carried out in 1985, was accompanied by protest demonstrations. Until 1992, the area served as a maneuvering area for the Zieten barracks in Göttingen , which was built on Lohberg in the mid-1930s. After the Bundeswehr withdrew, the Kerstlingeröder field returned to the ownership of the city of Göttingen. After the military training operations ceased, the open areas were subject to natural succession , which is now being held back by suitable maintenance measures. The area is looked after by the city forestry office.
Nature reserve
During the roughly 600-year history of settlement and use, the Kerstlingeröder field developed into a landscape that was strongly shaped by humans. The introduction of agrochemicals after 1945 had no effect on the Kerstlingeröder field due to the change in use to a military training area and original plant communities were able to survive. The earth chestnut , a cultivated plant of the Middle Ages, can still be found in the meadows.
Due to the occurrence of numerous rare animals, plants and mushrooms, the area has a high value for nature conservation. It is in the conservation area "Leinebergland" and is known as Fauna Flora Habitat part of the EU reserve no. 138 "Göttingen Forest". A designation as a nature reserve together with the Stadtwald Göttingen took place in 2007 under the name " Stadtwald Göttingen and Kerstlingeröder Feld ". 410 vascular plants were identified , the majority of which are legally protected. Of the 53 bird species documented, the red- backed shrike , wryneck and another five species are on the red list . In addition, 432 of the 750 butterfly species living in Lower Saxony were found on the Kerstlingeröder field.
Leisure and recreation
The area and earlier the inn operated on the estate has always been a popular destination for the Göttingen population and students. As early as March 17, 1772, Georg Christoph Lichtenberg wrote to his friends: " ... of the days I will be in Göttingen, the most beautiful should be spent in Kerstlingeröder Feld ... ".
The Göttinger Hainbund (a literary group ) was founded here on September 12, 1772.
On 26 July 1790 came after a row of students with artisans to extract the students of the University of Göttingen from the city to Kerst Linger The desolate field. It was the most successful student exodus in the history of the university. The students prevailed with their demands against the city of Göttingen and its citizens, who had realized that an emigration of the students to another university would have meant economic damage to the city.
Web links
- Dennis Müller: The “Kerstlingeröder Feld” ecosystem Former military training area and later nature reserve with FFH area; in locations and topics of environmental history - environmental history mishaps from the graduate college workshop report; Edited by Bernd Herrmann Ulrike Kruse, pp. 205 - 214, 2010 (PDF; 8.3 MB)
- The Forest Gazette No. 2: Gutshof Kerstlingeröderfeld (PDF; 628 kB)
- Waldblatt No. 4: Second-hand paradise (PDF; 372 kB)
- Information on the bird life of the Kerstlingeröder field from the Göttingen Ornithologists (AGO)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Wolfgang Ollrog: The residents of the castle and the Niedeck court yard over the centuries in: Göttinger Jahrbuch Volume 1963, pp. 145–186 (pp. 145 ff.)
- ↑ Gerhard Schuster: The thick tubers of the summer in the Kerstlingeröder field near Göttingen. Der Tintling 82, issue 3/2013, pp. 5–10
- ↑ Georg Christoph Lichtenberg to Christiane and Johann Christian Dietrich (PDF; 17 kB)
- ^ Goettingen City Archives to extract 1790
literature
- Brüdermann, Stefan: The Göttingen student excerpt 1790 - craftsmanship and academic freedom; Series: Lichtenberg Studies (edited by Stefan Brüdermann and Ulrich Joost); Vol. 07, Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 1991.
- Günther, Egon: Contributions to the local history of the village of Herberhausen, Duderstadt 2000, pp. 75–79
- Himme, Hans-Heinrich; Relevant contributions to the history of Georgia Augusta in Göttingen, Göttingen 1987, pp. 150–156 "Excerpt of the Göttingen students - Kerstlingeroderfeld July 26-29, 1790 - diary entries of the student Fr. GA Schmidt"; Pp. 152–153: contemporary images of Kerstlingeröderfeld and the Hainholzwarte.
- Lücke, Heinrich: Castles, official seats and manors around Göttingen, Clausthal-Zellerfeld 1952, 1969². Second increased edition (1969): pp. 209–213 with a photo of the manor house.
- Schlinkheider, Sebastian: " Should the forest give way to the tank?". Göttingen and the conflict over the Kerstlingeröder field. In: Sabine Horn, Inge Marszolek, Maria Rhode, Eva Schöck-Quinteros (eds.): Protest on site. The 80s in Bremen and Göttingen . Klartext-Verlag, Essen 2012, pp. 191–228.
Coordinates: 51 ° 31 ' N , 10 ° 0' E