Common cumin seeds

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Common cumin seeds
Common cumin (Bunium bulbocastanum)

Common cumin ( Bunium bulbocastanum )

Systematics
Order : Umbelliferae (Apiales)
Family : Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)
Subfamily : Apioideae
Tribe : Pyramidoptereae
Genre : Tuber cumin ( bunium )
Type : Common cumin seeds
Scientific name
Bunium bulbocastanum
L.

The common tuber cumin ( Bunium bulbocastanum ), usually called real tuber cumin and also common earth chestnut , is a species of the genus tuber cumin ( bunium ) within the umbelliferae family (Apiaceae).

description

Vegetative characteristics

Common cumin seeds reach heights of between 30 and 60 centimeters. The deciduous tubers - Geophyt is perennial . The bare stems are pithy and arise from a 3 to 4 centimeter wide, spherical tuber that sits deep in the ground. The stem is erect, steeply round, grooved and knotted in the upper part. The leaves are two to three pinnate and triangular in outline. The sections are linear to lanceolate. The lower leaves are long-stalked, the upper ones sit on the white-skinned leaf sheath.

Generative characteristics

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Many flowers stand together in a ten to twenty- rayed double-gold inflorescence . Shell and envelope are three to seven, rarely up to twenty leaved. The husk leaves are usually considerably shorter than the fruit stalks during fruiting. The petals are white and acquire a dark central stripe as they dry. They are deeply rooted. The external petal is slightly larger than the others. It's about 1.5 millimeters land and almost 2 millimeters wide. The single fruit is elongated with a length of 3 and 4.5 millimeters. When ripe it is black-brown with light ribs.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 20 or 22.

Occurrence

The common cumin is widespread from Europe to Morocco. Its distribution area includes the countries of Spain, the Balearic Islands, France, Corsica, Morocco, Germany, Belgium, Switzerland, the Netherlands, southern England, Italy, Croatia, Sardinia and Sicily.

This article or paragraph presents the situation in Germany . Help us to describe the situation in other countries.

In Germany it is regionally endangered. It prefers sunny to partially shaded locations. It thrives on warm summer, moderately dry, nutrient-rich and alkaline, mostly calcareous loam or clay soils. It is a clay pointer and a character species of the Adonido-Iberidetum amarae from the Caucalidion association.

use

The common cumin is sometimes referred to as field herb . The tuber can be eaten raw or cooked as a vegetable . The leaves can be used in a similar way to parsley . It is used as a spice plant in India, Persia, Afghanistan and Tajikistan . Trivial names are in Hindi काला जीरा kālā jīrā ("black caraway") or shahi jeera ("Shah caraway") and in Persian زيره كوهی zireh kuhi ("wild caraway"). It is mentioned in the Sahih al-Bukhari as a medicinal plant .

literature

  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Albert Thellt : Bunium L. In Gustav Hegi : Illustrated flora of Central Europe . Volume V.2. Reprint of the 1st edition. Munich 1965, pages 1188-1194. (Description)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bunium bulbocastanum L., Echter Knollenkümmel. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  710 .
  3. ^ Bunium in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
  4. ↑ cf. No. 17 in: Jos. A. Massard: 300 years of potatoes in Luxembourg: (I) Europe discovers the potato. (II) Grundbirne, Grompir, Gromper: the potato conquers Luxembourg. (III) The potato in Luxembourg in the 19th century (PDF; 2.2 MB) Lëtzebuerger Journal 2009, [I] No. 15 (Jan. 22): 23; No. 16 (Jan. 23): 10, No. 17 (Jan. 24/25): 11; [II] No. 18 (Jan 27): 23, No. 19 (Jan 28): 21; [III] No. 20 (Jan. 29): 9, No. 21 (Jan. 30): 21. Text with references. (PDF; 353 kB)

Web links

Commons : Common cumin ( Bunium bulbocastanum )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files