Tuber cumin
| Tuber cumin | ||||||||||||
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Common cumin ( Bunium bulbocastanum ) |
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| Bunium | ||||||||||||
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Tuber cumin ( bunium ), also called "earth tuber" like many other plant taxa, is a genus of plants within the umbelliferae family (Apiaceae). It is native to the Old World . In some species, parts of plants are used as vegetables or spices .
description
Appearance and leaves
The cumin species grow as perennial, herbaceous plants . The roots usually form spherical tubers . All parts of the plant are bare.
The leaves are strongly divided, two to three pinnate. The leaf segments are thread-like to linear.
Inflorescences and flowers
The flowers are in double-ended inflorescences . There are no to three or more bracts and the bracts are present, which are linear to lanceolate.
The relatively inconspicuous, mostly hermaphrodite flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five calyx teeth are only vaguely recognizable. The five free petals are pure white to pink or reddish. The nectar-secreting stylus cushions (Stylopodium) are flattened or conical and abruptly narrow into the short to long, recurved stylus . The ovary below is bare.
fruit
The split fruit , called Doppelachäne in this family, is ovoid to oblong or cylindrical and breaks down into two partial fruits. The partial fruits are elongated and laterally flattened, similar to the partial fruits of caraway . The raised main ribs are thick. There are one to three oil streaks in the valleys. The nutrient tissue is dull pentagonal and flattened at the joint surface. The fruit holder ( Karpophor ) sometimes only divides up to half.
Systematics and distribution
The genus Bunium was established in 1753 by the Swedish botanist Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 1, p. 243. Type species is Bunium bulbocastanum L. Synonyms Bunium L. are Buniella Schischk. , Diaphycarpus calest . and Wallrothia Spreng.
The genus Bunium belongs to the tribe Pyramidoptereae in the subfamily Apioideae within the family Apiaceae .
The bunium species come from Central Europe across the Mediterranean and the Middle East to Central Asia , Afghanistan and western Pakistan .
There are 30 to 50 Bunium typologies:
- Bunium afghanicum Beauverd
- Bunium alatum Pimenov & Kljuykov
- Bunium alpinum Waldst. & Kit. (Syn .: Carum alpinum (Waldst. & Kit.) Benth. & Hook. Ex BDJacks. ): It iswidespreadin southern Europe and North Africa. There are about four subspecies.
- Bunium angrenii Korovin
- Bunium atlanticum (Maire) Dobignard : It occurs only in Morocco .
- Bunium avromanum (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Drude
- Bunium badachschanicum camel
- Bunium badghysi (Korovin) Korovin
- Bunium bourgaei (Boiss.) Freyn & Sint.
- Bunium brachyactis (Post) H.Wolff : It occurs in Syria , Lebanon and Turkey .
- Bunium brevifolium Lowe : This endemic occurs only in Madeira .
- Common cumin ( Bunium bulbocastanum L. , Syn .: Carum bulbocastanum (L.) WDJKoch ): It is widespread in Europe and North Africa.
- Bunium capusii (Franch.) Korovin
- Bunium caroides (Boiss.) Hausskn. ex Bornm. : It occurs in Turkey.
- Bunium chabertii (Batt.) Batt. : It only occurs in Algeria .
- Bunium chaerophylloides (Regel & Schmalh.) Drude
- Bunium cornigerum (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Drude
- Bunium crassifolium Batt. : It occurs in Algeria and Tunisia .
- Bunium cylindricum (Boiss. & Hohen.) Drude : It is common from Turkey and Armenia to Azerbaijan .
- Bunium elatum (Batt.) Batt. : It occurs in Algeria.
- Bunium elegans (Fenzl) Freyn (Syn .: Carum elegans Fenzl ): It is distributed from Turkey, Syria and Palestine to Iraq , Iran , Armenia and Georgia .
- Bunium fedtschenkoanum Korovin ex Kamelin
- Bunium ferulaceum Sm .: It iswidespreadin Southeast Europe and Western Asia.
- Bunium fontanesii (Pers.) Maire : It occurs in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya .
- Bunium hermonis (Post) Kljuykov : It occurs in Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel and Jordan.
- Bunium hissaricum Korovin
- Bunium intermedium Korovin
- Bunium kandaharicum Rech.f.
- Bunium kopetdagense money.
- Bunium korovinii R. Kam. & Money.
- Bunium kuhitangi Nevski
- Bunium lindbergii Rech.f. & Riedl
- Bunium longilobum Klyuikov
- Bunium longipes Freyn
- Bunium luristanicum Rech.f.
- Bunium macuca Boiss. : It occurs in Morocco, Algeria, Portugal , Spain and Mallorca .
- Bunium microcarpum (Boiss.) Freyn & Bornm. : Itspreadson the islands of the Aegean Sea , in Turkey and in the Middle East.
- Bunium nilghirense H.Wolff
- Bunium nudum (Post) H.Wolff
- Bunium pachypodum P.W.Ball : It is common in Portugal, Spain , the Balearic Islands , France with Corsica , Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya.
- Bunium paucifolium DC. : It occurs in Iraq, Iran, Syria, Turkey, Armenia and Azerbaijan .
- Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedsch. (Syn .: Carum persicum Boiss. , Carum bulbocastanum auct. Non (L.) WDJKoch ): It occurs in Iran , India , Pakistan , Afghanistan and Central Asia .
- Bunium pestalozzae Boiss. : It is common in Turkey, Syria and Lebanon .
- Bunium pinnatifolium Kljuykov : It occurs in Turkey.
- Bunium rectangulum Boiss. & Hausskn.
- Bunium scabrellum Korovin : It occurs only in Azerbaijan .
- Bunium seravschanicum Korovin
- Bunium simplex (K.Koch) Kljuykov : It occurs in Turkey and Armenia.
- Bunium tenerum Hausskn. : It occurs in Greece.
- Bunium vaginatum Korovin
- Bunium verruculosum C.C. Towns. : It occurs in Turkey.
- Bunium wolffii Klyuikov
use
The tubers of some species are edible and can be eaten raw or cooked as a vegetable . With Bunium bulbocastanum, the small and difficult-to-harvest tubers taste very good like coconut when cooked. The roots of Bunium ferulaceum are very small and have a bitter taste.
The leaves of common cumin are used raw or cooked as a herb similar to parsley . The flowers of Bunium bulbocastanum are used fresh for seasoning and as decoration.
The partial fruits of Bunium persicum and Bunium bulbocastanum are called black cumin and are used as a spice ; they are a Kumin - spare .
The medicinal effects of Bunium bulbocastanum have been studied; it acts as an astringent .
swell
- Eugene Nasir: Umbelliferae : Bunium - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of West Pakistan , Volume 20, Stewart Herbarium, Gordon College et al., Rawalpindi 1972. (Section description and systematics)
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c d e f g Eugene Nasir: Umbelliferae : Bunium - online with the same text as the printed work: Flora of West Pakistan , Volume 20, Stewart Herbarium, Gordon College et al., Rawalpindi 1972. at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum , 1, 1753, p. 243 scanned in at biodiversitylibrary.org .
- ^ Bunium at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed June 23, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e Bunium in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 10, 2019.
- ↑ Entry in Catalog of Life from May 23, 2013. Last accessed June 23, 2013 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x R. Hand, 2011: Apiaceae. Bunium In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.
- ^ Bunium species in Robert Freedman: Famine Foods by NewCrop . ( Memento of the original from May 8, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Last accessed on June 44, 2013
- ↑ a b c d Entries on Bunium at Plants For A Future . Retrieved June 24, 2013.
Web links
- Bunium at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
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