Babism

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The Shrine of Bab ( Hanging Gardens of the Baha'i in Haifa , Israel )
The house of the Bab in Shiraz , in which he revealed himself to Mulla Husayn, was destroyed and a mosque was built on

The Babism ( Persian بابی ها bābi hā , DMG bābī hā , Bahai transcription Bábí há ) is aname derivedfrom the Persian Bab for a religious community thatarosein Iran (Persia)in the mid- 19th century . Proceeding from Shiite Islam and its interpretations in the mystical sense, the religious founder Bab sought social reforms and a better social position for women. The number of current babi, called " azali ", is not known. Estimates amount to a few thousand relatives, most of whom are said to live in Iran. Nothing is known of the existence of a present-day Azali community either. Many of the former Babi organized themselves in today's Baha'i community, which has several million members.

The sacred writings of Babism are the works written by Bab such as the “Arabic Declaration” ( al- Bayan al-'Arabi ) and the “Persian Declaration” ( Bayan-i farsi ), the “ Book of Names ” ( Kitab-i Asma ), the " Seven Evidence " ( Dala'il-i Sab'ih ), the Kitab-i panj sha'n and the Qayyūm al-Asmā .

history

Especially the followers of Sheikhism around Sheikh Ahmad al-Ahsā'ī and Sayyid Kāzim Rashti expected the return of the Mahdi and Mulla Husayn saw Sayyid Ali Muhammad finally return. The Persian Sayyid Ali Muhammad reinterpreted the Mahdi concept of the Shiites insofar as he saw in the expected Twelfth Imam a purely spiritual innovator without worldly claim to power. From 1844, as Bab , he claimed to be this innovator himself, thus establishing a new era . His movement spread rapidly across the country, but it also met with strong opposition from Shiite orthodoxy and state violence. His new religious law is contained in his book "Bayan".

In 1846 the Bab was captured. Already earlier, the "Bab" related extensions of the Islamic creed caused an uproar. In 1848, at the Badashht Conference , Babists openly broke with the canon of the duties of Muslims . The smaller part of the community later joined Subh-i-Azal , was referred to as Azali and looked for a substitute in the “Bayan” of Bab. The greater part saw in Baha'u'llah the founder of religion prophesied by Bab and went into his new religion . From then on, his followers referred to themselves as Baha'i after him and thus separated themselves completely from Islam .

More than 20,000 Babi were tortured and executed for their beliefs. The Bab himself was publicly executed in July 1850 and two years later the Qurrat al-ʿAyn and 27 other Babis were executed.

literature

Web links

Commons : Bábís  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Babismus  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Abbas Amanat: Resurrection and Renewal: The making of the Babi movement in Iran, 1844-1850 . Ed .: Cornell University Press. Ithaca / London 1989.
  2. ↑ David Barrett: The New Believers . Cassell & Co, London, UK 2001, ISBN 0-304-35592-5 , pp. 246 .
  3. ^ Margit Warburg: Citizens of the World. A History and Sociology of the Baha'is from a Globalization Perspective, Numen Book Series. Studies in the History of Religions Vol. 106, Leiden 2006, p. 177.
  4. ↑ Nabíl-i Zarandí: The Dawn-Breakers: Nabíl's Narrative . Ed .: Bahá'í Publishing Trust. Wilmette, Illinois, USA 1932, ISBN 0-900125-22-5 , pp. 2 ( online ).
  5. ↑ Peter Smith: Bayan. A concise encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith . Ed .: Oneworld Publications. Oxford 2000, ISBN 1-85168-184-1 , pp. 91 .
  6. ↑ Lexicon of the Islamic World (1st volume) . Kohlhammer, 1974, ISBN 3-17-002160-5 , pp. 82 .
  7. ↑ Momen, Moojan: Baha'u'llah. A Short Biography . Oneworld Publications, Oxford 2007, ISBN 978-1-85168-469-4 , pp. 26-31 .