Béla Julesz

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Béla Julesz - New York 1965 - in the exhibition Noll / Julesz Computer-generated pictures

Béla Julesz (born February 19, 1928 in Budapest , † December 31, 2003 ) was a Hungarian perceptual psychologist. He is considered a pioneer in cognitive science .

Life

Julesz graduated from Budapest University of Technology in 1950 as an electrical engineer and received his doctorate from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1956 . Shortly afterwards he left Hungary with his wife and went to the USA, where he worked as a scientist at Bell Laboratories . From 1964 to 1982 he headed the Sensory and Perceptual Processes department and from 1983 to 1989 the Visual Perception Research department . From 1989 he was a professor at Rutgers University in the Faculty of Psychology. There he headed the newly created Laboratory of Vision Research , from 1999 until his death in 2003 as em. Professor Emeritus of the State of New Jersey.

He was visiting professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Fairchild Scholar at Caltech (1977 to 1979), where he was also a regular visiting professor in the winter semester in the Faculty of Biology from 1985 to 1993.

Julesz is known for experimental investigations into visual perception, for example in depth vision ( stereoscopy ). In 1959 he introduced his well-known random dot stereograms , pairs of images with randomly distributed points that differed only in small details, such as the displacement of a subgroup of points. If, for example, a group of random points is shifted horizontally, the viewer gets the impression of a shift in depth of the points. Julesz called these effects Cyclopean Vision (after the one-eyed Cyclops ), as they only arise when the images are combined in the brain and not in the respective eyes. He demonstrated experimentally that spatial perception only arises in the brain. Based on these ideas, his student Christopher Tyler developed autostereograms that use just one picture.

Julesz's experiments were influential and model for many other experiments in perceptual psychology and also for measuring methods in ophthalmology.

Julesz also contributed to the understanding of the perception of surface textures. In 1962 he hypothesized that humans cannot distinguish textures with identical second-order statistics. It was refuted by him in 1973, but his statistical approach remained up-to-date. In 1981 he set up a Texton theory of texture perception, which is based on the perception of local aspects (textons) and, according to Julesz, pointed directly to the interaction of groups of neurons in the brain. He also did experiments on controlling attention in visual perception.

He was also an early exponent of digital art and exhibited in New York City with A. Michael Noll in 1965 .

In 1983 he was a MacArthur Fellow . In 1985 he and Werner E. Reichardt received the HP Heineken Prize for Biochemistry and Biophysics and in 1989 the Karl Spencer Lashley Award of the American Philosophical Society , of which he had been a member since 1995. Julesz was a Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences (1987), the Society of Experimental Psychologists, the American Association for the Advancement of Science , the Optical Society of America, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . He was a corresponding member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. In 1982 he became a Neurosciences Associate of the Neurosciences Institute and served on the advisory board of the Santa Fe Institute .

Fonts (selection)

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Julesz: Binocular depth perception of computer-generated patterns. In: The Bell System Technical Journal. Volume 39, Issue 5, 1960, pp. 1125-1162, ( digitized version ).
  2. ^ Julesz: Visual Pattern Discrimination. In: IRE Transactions on Information Theory. Volume 8, Issue 2, 1962, pp. 84-92, doi : 10.1109 / TIT.1962.1057698 .
  3. ↑ Julesz, Edgar N. Gilbert , Lawrence A. Shepp, Harry L. Frisch : Inability of Humans to Discriminate between Visual Textures that Agree in Second-order Statistics - revisited. In: Perception . Volume 2, Issue 4, 1973, pp. 391-405, doi : 10.1068 / p020391 .
  4. ^ Julesz, Edgar N. Gilbert, Jonathan D. Victor: Visual discrimination of textures with identical third-order statistics. In: Biological Cybernetics. Volume 31, Issue 3, 1978, pp. 137-140, doi : 10.1007 / BF00336998 ; Julesz: Textons, the Elements of Texture Perception, and their Interactions. In: Nature . Volume 290, 1981, pp. 91-97, doi : 10.1038 / 290091a0 .
  5. ↑ Member History: Béla Julesz. American Philosophical Society, accessed October 15, 2018 .
personal data
SURNAME Julesz, Béla
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian perceptual psychologist
DATE OF BIRTH February 19, 1928
PLACE OF BIRTH Budapest
DATE OF DEATH December 31, 2003