History of Heddesdorf until 1904
Heddesdorf is a formerly independent municipality that was incorporated into the city of Neuwied in 1904 by means of a union agreement .
The two parts of the so-called "old town of Neuwied" (the original town of Neuwied is now referred to as the inner city) are now politically and legally not run as districts because they do not have their own political representatives.
history
As with the entire area in the Neuwied Basin, it can also be assumed from Heddesdorf that it was already used as a settlement area in Magdalenian .
Roman times
The first settlement in historical times took place by the Roman Empire around 90 AD, when a cohort fort was built in the course of securing the Limes in the area of today's Geschwister-Scholl-Strasse (formerly: Römerstrasse) . Occupied in the meantime u. a. With mounted auxiliary troops , small forts in the area and watchtowers on the Limes were manned from here. A bathhouse has been found on the site of the former 3-hectare fort, and the remains of a vicus have also been found. When the fort was abandoned cannot be determined; It is assumed, however, that this place had to be given up around 190, at the latest with the Germanensturm 259/260.
See also the main article Kastell Heddesdorf
Late antiquity and the Middle Ages
From the end of the fourth century, the Franks emerged increasingly and settled the region around the Rhine and Moselle, among other things. The ancestors of the Counts of Isenburg can be traced back to this time and are traceable in the region. More extensive finds can be found in Heddesdorf area from the Merovingian period , such as three cemeteries, the largest of which comprised 190 row graves with numerous additions, also showing Christian influences, and was located at the intersection of today's federal roads 42 and 256 . A Carolingian stone coffin was found in a cemetery near today's Protestant Heddesdorf Church and indicates a continuity of settlement at this location, directly at the former Roman fort.
founding
The nucleus of Heddesdorf was probably an empire-free Franconian Salhof , for which there is documentary evidence that the salt tithe was raised on the later Heddesdorf corridor. 160 acres of land belonged to this farm, which was later also taken over by the Isenburgers. The above-mentioned Heddesdorf Church, as the presumed independent church of the empire, was responsible for the first mention of Heddesdorf. On December 25, 962, Bruno , Archbishop of Cologne, brother and Imperial Chancellor of Otto the Great, gave this church in Hedenesthorp in Engersgau with its tithe titles to the Cäcilienkloster in Cologne .
Surname
The origin of the place name may remain in the dark. There is agreement that the ending "-dorf" refers to a foundation in the Franconian settlement period, probably around the 7th / 8th centuries. Century, suggests. The more specific part of the name may come from a founder named Heden or Hedin, a Franconian Duke Hedenus or possibly from Trier Archbishop Hetti (814-847), the founder of the Koblenz church St. Kastor , from where the Christian community development in the area was coordinated.
The Knights of Heddesdorf
The von Heddesdorf family first appeared on June 30, 1218 in a deed of donation from Heinrich von Isenburg, when Crafto de Hetensdorff and his presumed sons Arnold, Heinrich and Billung were named as witnesses. At that time they were fiefs of the Isenburg family. At the same time, the first evidence of the Heddesdorf coat of arms can be seen here. The Lehnshof managed by the Heddesdorfers was located about 500 m east of the Isenburger Hof .
The coat of arms shows a white diagonal stripe downwards with three red scallops on a blue background . It is believed that these indicate pilgrimages by the Lords of Heddesdorf to Santiago de Compostela . The crest may indicate the chicken wonder .
After the Isenburg property was probably passed to the Counts of Wied in 1252 , the Heddesdorf lords were loyal to them for the next two centuries. At that time, your Heddesdorf estate comprised around five acres of residential land and 60 acres of agricultural land.
After Gerlach von Heddesdorf married a daughter of Count von Wied in 1371, the social position of the von Heddesdorf family improved. In the 15th century, after a lucrative marriage, it oriented itself towards the Moselle and in 1480 left the Neuwied Lehnshof for Winningen .
economy
Like most towns of the size Heddesdorf (1542: 81 households) the population lived from agriculture and small crafts. The viniculture, which has been documented since the 12th century and was intensively practiced until the end of the 18th century, is particularly noteworthy, especially on the areas of the Heddesdorfer Berg, of which a lease register drawn up in 1503 exists. Red wine was mainly grown until, after a few hard winters and the occupation of the left bank of the Rhine by France in 1794, both the number of vines and sales opportunities declined.
Modern times
The tradition of the Heddesdorf Pentecostal fighters began at least since 1564, but probably long before 1487 . The Heddesdorf mayors have been known by name since 1607 (Lutzges Thonges). It was during this time that the first evidence of school lessons in the place fell. The first schoolhouse was built in 1675, and after extensions it was used to teach until 1904.
Rasselstein
In the Wiedtal between the Irlicher Heldenberg and the Heddesdorfer Berg, the Rasselstein ironworks developed, first mentioned in 1655 as an ironworks. Leased from Heinrich Wilhelm Remy since 1760 , it was the first German sheet rolling mill in 1769. In 1787 Remy's successor Carl Wilhelm Remy bought it. It developed into one of the leading German steel and rolling mills and in 1835 produced the rails for the first German railway line Nuremberg-Fürth. It has been part of ThyssenKrupp Stahl AG since 1999.
In 1784 the Counts of Wied-Neuwied, the so-called Lower County of Wied, were elevated to the rank of imperial prince, but lost their rights as a result of the Rhine Confederation Act in 1806.
Mayor's office in Heddesdorf
After the fall of Napoleon and the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Heddesdorf came to the later Rhine province , part of the Koblenz administrative district. On April 15, 1817 the " Mayor's Office Heddesdorf" (later Amt Heddesdorf, until 1957, then Amt Niederbieber-Segendorf) was established, to which Niederbieber also belonged.
In 1851 Eduard Justus von Runkel was appointed district administrator, who made his home, the Isenburger Hof (also Haus Runkel , Herrenhöfchen , Haus Heddesdorf ) on the area known today as the district administrator's office. This remained the house that was built in 1740 as the mansion of Count Alexander zu Wied until 1906. The reason for this was that Runkel's son Friedrich Wilhelm Justus von Runkel was also appointed district administrator.
During these years Heddesdorf developed steadily and so in 1877 a separate post office was set up for the now over 3,000 residents.
In 1852 Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen was appointed mayor of the Heddesdorf mayor. He founded the Heddesdorfer Charity Association (1854), which was converted into the Heddesdorfer Loan Banks Association (1864), and thus the forerunners of today's cooperative banks , as well as the Raiffeisen printing company that still exists today, but is now in Segendorf . In 1865 Raiffeisen had to resign as mayor for health reasons, but remained active in building up the rural cooperative system until his death.
Richard Bigdenbach (Mayor 1886-1919) should lead Heddesdorf into community with the city of Neuwied. Together with Peter Siemeister (mayor 1884–1904) he was responsible for the modernization and urban development of Heddesdorf. During his term of office, the construction of the green areas around the Neuwied train station, a teachers' seminar (today Werner-Heisenberg-Gymnasium ), the St.-Elisabeth-Hospital, a seminar training school (formerly Sonnenlandschule), the Bismarckpark with sports field (today Stadtpark and Raiffeisen Stadium) fell ) and numerous other infrastructure measures such as electrification, sewerage and fire protection measures for the site. The construction of a flood protection for Heddesdorf was planned, but only realized with the construction of the dike in 1928 after the incorporation into the city of Neuwied.
Incorporation
A decisive event was and remains the incorporation of Heddesdorf into the city of Neuwied. Neuwied's location was narrow in terms of area due to the spacious Heddesdorf district, which left the town, which had a population of just over 11,000 at the time, little development opportunities. After a cold land grab by court ruling in 1835, the Heddesdorf area had already fallen to Neuwied. Heddesdorf's plans to build a hydroelectric power station in 1903 enabled the mayor of Neuwied, Geppert, to take action to convince District Administrator Runkel to unite the two towns.
The town councilors from Neuwied did not need long to be persuaded to do so, but the Heddesdorfers were not convinced. Although they agreed surprisingly quickly at first, resistance in the population and their own doubts caused them to waver again. The completion of the incorporation dragged on until District Administrator Runkel announced on May 20, 1904:
The incorporation of the village of Heddesdorf into the city of Neuwied was approved by His Majesty's highest cabinet order of May 14, 1904. The incorporation takes place with retroactive effect from April 1, 1904. Kaiser Wilhelm II had decided.
A dispute agreement that u. a. the property of the place Heddesdorf left with the mayor's office Heddesdorf, and a union contract, which also u. a. the establishment of a Bismarck monument such as a school (today's Geschwister-Scholl-Schule) and the city council of Neuwied expanded from 24 members by 12 Heddesdorf representatives, were the foundations of the new Neuwied. A tax reduction for the Heddesdorfers caused legal unrest in 1907, as it was annulled in court, but voluntary payments from Neuwied to Heddesdorf then provided compensation. The new town of Neuwied, now considerably expanded, began its way into an uncertain century.
literature
- Friedel-Wulf Kupfer: Streiflichter from the city in the last 50 years , Verlag Buchhandlung Grün GmbH, Neuwied 2003
- District Neuwied (Hrsg.): Home yearbook of the district Neuwied , different years
- Wilhelm Tullius, Wolfram Sauerbrei: Heddesdorf , Association of Heddesdorfer Citizens, Neuwied 2004, ISBN 3-934125-04-2
Web links and sources
- ↑ Finds from the Magedalénien period in Gönnersdorf
- ↑ Limes World Heritage ( Memento of the original dated September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Coordinates: 50 ° 27 ' N , 7 ° 28' E