Baccum
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Baccum
City of Lingen (Ems)
Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 48 ″ N , 7 ° 24 ′ 22 ″ E
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| Height : | 40 m above sea level NN | |
| Residents : | 2688 (March 1, 2019) | |
| Incorporation : | March 1, 1974 | |
| Postal code : | 49811 | |
| Primaries : | 0591, 05906 | |
Location of Baccum in Lower Saxony |
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The village of Baccum is located in the south of the Emsland district , east of Lingen at an altitude of 40 m above sea level. NN. The place used to be a municipality and is now part of the city of Lingen (Ems) . The former Kirchdorf Baccum the communities and were farming communities Ramsel and Münnigbüren assigned all three together formed on an area of 23 square kilometers, the church and school community Baccum.
history
Origin of the place names
The origin of the name Baccum (old: Bammun , later Backamen ) cannot be proven with certainty. The place name first appears in the 11th century in a lifting tab of the monastery Corvey on. Etymologically, the first stem of the word Ba or Back (like Bach ) could mean “a little flowing water”. The second stem mun or men would be assigned to the generic term "protection", which refers to dwellings (apartments). The original meaning of the place name would be: dwellings (houses) at a small waterhole . Recent excavations confirm this representation. There is no doubt that the old place name is related to the location. Changes in language and writing were also reflected in place names: From the 7th to the 11th century, the Old High German language was predominant, from the 12th to the 15th centuries, the Middle High German, and Dutch influence can also be demonstrated. Therefore, in the following period also various name changes took place: In 1160 we find the name Bacheim spoken well Bacheim , 1260 Backem to 1900 Backum today and Baccum .
The place name Münnigbüren can be found for the first time in the 11th century as Mundiburi in the lift register of the Corvey Monastery. Ludwig Schriever proves Mundiburi and Mundigburen in 1160. The root word mouth should also be understood as protection or protection, it can also be found with guardians. Buri or bur can be traced back to farmer (farmer). Even in the Middle Ages, the colloquial term for “plowing the field” was to build the field, and farmland was known as building land .
Ramsel (old Ramesloh ) is first mentioned in 1350. There are also two roots here: Ram and loh . The former should be understood as a ram (ram). Loh is an expression for an area overgrown with light wood with undergrowth (heather or grass). The name for Ramesloh would therefore be sheep pasture .
historical development
There must have been settlements in today's Baccum as early as the Neolithic. The large stone graves erected by the people of the funnel cup culture speak for this. There were seven such monuments on the slopes of the Baccumer Berg terminal moraine wall. On the north side: two on the Brömmlinge in Ramsel, three on the Steinbrink in Baccum and one on the Langenberg in Münnigbüren. On the southern slope there was a grave in the forest village of Schöttmer , which can also be assigned to the Ramsel area. The number of graves and their distribution suggest that all three districts were already around 4000 to 2000 BC. Were settled. Each clan probably had its own stone grave. The form of burial was full-body burial.
The graves are all destroyed. There is only unreliable evidence of the whereabouts of the stones. It is obvious that the graves provided the stone material for the construction of the first (?) Catholic church, the construction of which is dated to the end of the 14th century. The uncut natural stones of today's tower still testify that centuries ago our ancestors were able to split and shred the mighty stones with the most primitive means . It is also known that the Baccumers supplied stone material to the North Sea for coastal fortification in the 19th century. The community then felt compelled to criminalize the removal of the stones. Nothing is known about the whereabouts of any remaining stocks.
Other witnesses of this bygone era are various scrapers, blades, arrowheads, etc., which the amateur archaeologist Albert Jackisch was able to pick up in the fields on the slopes of the Baccumer Berg. All objects were made from flint or flint stones.
The constant increase in the population from around the 3rd millennium BC In some cases, it required fundamental economic and cultural changes: hunting, fishing and gathering faded into the background. Agriculture and livestock dominated more and more. This development also required a rethinking of the burial of the dead. Apart from the amount of work involved in building the megalithic monuments, the supply of appropriate stone material was not unlimited. The stone setting was gradually abandoned and the dead were buried under mounds of earth. Because the adopted ideas and customs lived on among the people, the dimensions of the stone graves were also transferred to the burial mounds. Mounds of earth were poured up with a diameter of 15 to 20 meters and a height of 1.50 to 2 meters. The form of burial initially remained full-body burial. Urn finds from around 2000 BC BC in the area of the Baccumer mountain, then show the first fire burials in the mighty mounds of earth.
Excavations in 2008 and 2009 were very successful. A private property near the B 214, which was already designated as a residential area, hid an urn grave field with almost 100 burials from the late Bronze Age, around 500 BC. In addition, the district archaeologists from Oldenburg found the remains of an Iron Age settlement at a depth of 80 cm, consisting of six dwellings (apartments) from around 300 BC. In addition, a rural settlement with outbuildings from the Middle Ages, around 1200 AD. The exposed markings of the locations were approx. 15 meters apart and lay together in groups. All houses were built in a west-east direction. Historical traditions in the Baccum area show all forms of burial that were common in prehistoric times.
The document from Corvey Monastery mentioned at the beginning also dates from this time, with the tradition of the place names Bammun and Backamen . The Buovo farm , a name from the Carolingian era, is told that as a self-owned member of the monastery, he had to deliver 20 bushels of rye, 10 bushels of oats and 1 sheep. In addition, as a tithe levy (the tithe levy was a levy to the church, which received the 10th part of the income from the farms): 23 bushels of rye, 18 sheep and 18 buckets of honey. It can be assumed that the taxes mentioned exceeded the capacity of the Buovo farm . Therefore, in his capacity as Oberhof , he had to collect and pass on the taxes from other courtyards of the monastery.
Around the 13th century, another type of settlement developed in Baccum. The Eschrand settlements emerged. Farms settled at irregular, larger intervals on the edge of the ash, a flat area suitable for arable farming.
The steadily increasing population brought with it another problem: So far, the so-called nicknames were sufficient to identify every person in the village by name. This was soon no longer possible. Therefore, the members of the individual families were given a common second name. In addition to first names, surnames or family names were also created.
Historically, at the beginning of the Middle Ages, the Amsivarians who settled the Ems region between Meppen and Lingen are the first to come down to us . They were driven out by the Chauken , a neighboring people. From around the 5th century onwards, the name of the Chauken disappeared completely under that of the Saxons.
The settlement area of the German people was divided into Gaue according to an ancient custom. The district that covered our area in ancient times was the Venkigau . Baccum, Ramsel and Münnigbüren at the time were farming communities of Lingen. When the population increased and the population became more sedentary, subdivisions of the districts called brands were founded. The Baccum district was created.
The administration and use of the common ground known as the Mark was initially regulated by a cooperative. The sovereign soon acquired a say, which he later upgraded as supreme and ultimately sole brand owner. With the increasing settlement of the Mark and the expulsion of lands, the sovereign withdrew the taxes from the “owned farms”. With that, the influence of the Corvey monastery in Baccum waned more and more. In the middle of the 16th century the monastery in Baccum no longer had any possessions.
Until the end of the 15th century, Lingen was an official seat of Tecklenburg. With its end, the Venkigau also disappeared. Lingen and the surrounding area became an independent county, which initially formed a unit, but was later divided into the Lower and Upper Counties. The parish of Baccum with its farmers belonged with nine other parishes to the Lower County. Hardly any other German territory had such a checkered history in the following centuries. After many changing rulers, the Lower County of Lingen belonged to Prussia from 1866.
In the 1960s it became clear that small communities were no longer able to carry out the growing tasks. The parishes of Baccum, Ramsel and Münnigbüren were only united in the school and church areas. In 1965 an attempt was made to promote communal development by founding a joint municipality. The next step, the formation of a unified church, was to follow in 1969. However, these efforts were rejected by the state government.
After that, after many preliminary discussions and negotiations, on December 16, 1971, between the three Baccum municipalities and the city of Lingen, a boundary change agreement was signed, which included the merger of Baccum with the city of Lingen. The treaty took effect on March 1, 1974.
Population development
| 1880 | 1900 | 1925 | 1933 | 1939 | 1950 | 1961 | 1970 | 2007 | 2009 | 2010 | 2012 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baccum | 308 | 335 | 385 | 390 | 387 | 567 | 679 | 909 | 1756 | 1741 | 1731 | 1730 |
| Ramsel | 224 | 262 | 296 | 292 | 289 | 381 | 365 | 574 | 734 | 703 | 702 | 690 |
| Münnigbüren | 171 | 220 | 243 | 238 | 241 | 262 | 250 | 220 | 210 | 201 | 195 | 196 |
| total | 703 | 817 | 924 | 965 | 917 | 1210 | 1294 | 1703 | 2700 | 2645 | 2628 | 2616 |
Economic development
Up until the end of the Second World War , the population in the municipalities of Baccum, Ramsel and Münnigbüren was almost exclusively agricultural. Even innkeepers, shopkeepers, sextons and pastors also ran a farm on the side. In 1900 all three communities had a total of 817 inhabitants.
The two world wars in the 20th century claimed the soldiers drafted from Baccum, Ramsel and Münnigbüren many dead and missing. In the Second World War, the material damage was also considerable.
The artificial fertilizer was introduced in the 1920s. This led, together with the changes in the 1950s Meliorations -measures in Baccumer break to better harvests and to expand the usable space.
After the war, the first building areas were designated in the 1950s. Those interested were primarily the community's hirers. Displaced persons from the German eastern areas also found a second home. The hiring people, an ethnic group of the dispossessed, had been dependent on their landlords for centuries. At that time they got their own home and a small farm through state-sponsored measures.
Today the three districts together have around 2700 inhabitants. This corresponds to a density of 117 inhabitants per km². In addition to medium-sized craft businesses, tradespeople and farmers, Baccum-Ramsel-Münnigbüren is now predominantly a residential area with a high quality of life for commuters.
Church history
Baccum belonged to the parish of Lingen in the 13th and 14th centuries, as documented by the records of the Osnabrück State Archives. In the parish archives of the Catholic parish of Baccum, entries prove that Baccum was already an independent parish in 1414 with a "Kerkherr", the pastor's name is not mentioned. Baccum already had a church at that time, but it was probably still looked after by Lingen as a branch (chapel community).
The construction of the old church can still be reconstructed from an old architectural drawing on the occasion of a later expansion. It was a small Romanesque church with a proportionally much too bulky tower. A document proves that the church had no solid floor, and there were no benches either. Only a few chairs were available for older people.
A deed of mortgage from Countess Mette zu Tecklenburg and Lingen later shows that the vicar of the Andreaskapelle (castle chapel) in Lingen, Heinrich Becker, was at the same time pastor in Baccum around 1520. Pastor Becker received his income from the castle chapel and also had his apartment in Lingen. For his work in Baccum he also received all the income belonging to the parish of Baccum.
Because of the close connection to Lingen Castle, it is obvious that one of the Tecklenburg counts was also involved in the construction of the church. The building plot and a considerable part of the parish land were taken from the Baccumer Feldmark, whose supreme brand owner was Herr zu Lingen, a Count of Tecklenburg.
The separation of the Reformed church from the Catholic one, as a result of the Reformation, came to an end with the building of a Reformed church in 1859. The old Catholic church was also in a dilapidated condition after centuries and was renovated between 1865 and 1867. The mighty bell tower was preserved. The masonry was raised by about 5 meters and the previous pyramid roof was replaced by a spire. This gave the tower a height of around 45 meters.
At the end of the 1960s the Catholic parish, which then had 1,100 souls, suffered from an acute lack of space. An expansion of the church became necessary, the foundation stone was laid in September 1970. The first service in the new church was celebrated in September 1971.
As a sign of ecumenism in Baccum, the so-called “Ecumenical Center” has been in existence since 2009. This is a facility in the area between the two churches, which is intended for events under the sign of ecumenical coexistence between the two congregations.
Natural monuments
In the Baccumer Forest is the Mickelmeer , a small heather pond that was declared a natural monument in 1956 .
Sports
The sports club Baccum 1946. eV is the only sports club in town and operates football , tennis , volleyball , gymnastics and table tennis . The soccer department is the most important department. In 2008 there were a total of 22 teams with around 401 active soccer players taking part in the game. The 1st senior team plays in the 1st district class Emsland Süd. The greatest sporting success in the senior sector was the championship in the 1987/88 season in the district league south.
Sons and daughters of the place
- Heinrich Weltring (1847–1917), sculptor, was born on the Varelmann farm. His statues can be found in Thuine , Plantlünne , Karlsruhe or Heidelberg, for example , but not in his place of birth. The Emsland Museum in Lingen has acquired the sculpture The Nymph created by Weltring . Some time ago a street was named after Heinrich Weltring.
- Bernhard Deermann (1887–1982), politician (BVP), member of the Reichstag
After the Second World War, Agnes Dojan came to Baccum from East Prussia . Here she developed into a writer who left behind a work written in Low German.
literature
- Teachers' association of the Diocese of Osnabrück: The Lingen district. Contributions to the History of the district of Osnabrück Book I . R. van Acken publishing house, Lingen / Ems 1905.
- Werner Kaemling: Atlas on the history of Lower Saxony . Gerd J. Holtzmeyer Verlag, Braunschweig 1987, ISBN 3-923722-44-3 .
- Hermann Abels: The place names of the Emsland, in their linguistic and cultural-historical significance . Ferdinand Schöningh Verlag, Paderborn 1929.
- Paul Heine: More than 575 years of the Baccum parish, a contribution to the history of the parish ; "Baccum 1945-2000, A Village through the Ages"; "Baccum, Ramsel, Münnigbüren, Contributions to the old parish"; "Baccum, Articles from the Stone Age to the Middle Ages" Self-published by Nortrup 2010.
- Agnes Dojan: Dönkes ut Baccum, collects and uppschreben from Agnes Dojan . Self-published, Lingen / Baccum 1991.
- Christoph Oberthür, Franz Busche, Franz Barth, Heinrich Dünheuft: Home map of the Lingen district with statistical information . Publishing house R. van Acken, Lingen / Ems 1953.
- Mamoun Fansa and Ingeburg Lindner-Olbrich: large stone graves between the Weser and Ems . Isensee Verlag, Oldenburg 1992, ISBN 3-89442-118-5 .
- Hans Behrens: Agricultural history board for Weser-Ems, data from 300 years of association work . Isensee Verlag, Oldenburg 2000, ISBN 3-89598-681-X .
- Frank van Es: Regions from a European perspective , attached work: Landscape and Region / Hans Grosse supplement. Lectures at the 44th Landscape Assembly of the Oldenburg Landscape on March 14, 1998 in Thüle. Published by the Oldenburg landscape, Isensee Verlag, Oldenburg 1998, ISBN 3-89598-548-1 .
- Etta Bengen: O Wunner, O Wunner - what ligg here woll unner? Great stone graves between Weser and Ems in popular belief . Isensee Verlag, Oldenburg 2000, ISBN 3-89598-738-7 .
- Ernst Förstemann, Hermann Jellinghaus (editor): Old German Name Book , Volume II, 1 and 2: Place names , Bonn 1913/1916 (Reprint: Volume II, 2, Hildesheim 1967/1983, ISBN 3-487-01733-4 ).
- Statistics of the German Reich - results of various censuses , Berlin 1883–1944.
- Lower Saxony Office for State Planning and Statistics - Statistical Yearbook 1950 , Hanover 1950.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ (Sta. Os. Dep. 100, Tonberge No. 1)
- ↑ (Lingener Tagespost of December 18, 1987)
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 256 .