Bakhtiars

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The Bakhtiars ( Persian بختيارى, DMG Baḫtiyārī ) are a people in southwestern Iran . They are divided into two main groups, Haft Lang (55 sub-tribes) and Tschar Lang (24 sub-tribes). A small part still lives as nomads from the herding industry. The estimates of the population vary widely. The Encyclopaedia of Islam gives the population at 400,000. According to the Encyclopædia Iranica, there are approximately 600,000 Bakhtiars. They inhabit a strip from Isfahan to the south of Maydan-i Naftun in Chuzestan and border on peoples like Lurs and Kurds .

Traditional Bakhtiar clothing

ancestry

The ancestry of the Bakhtiars is controversial. So there are several theories:

  • According to the ethnologist Lorimer, their language is Iranian and their habitat in the mountains prevented them from mixing with other peoples such as Arabs and Turks . Iraj Afshar, also an ethnologist, adds that the costume of the Bakhtiarian women is very similar to the costume of the Zoroastrian women in the Sassanid period, the language of the Bakhtiarians is similar to the Middle Persian of the Sassanid period and does not contain Arabic or Turkish. According to his conviction, the Bakhtiars descend from the tribe of the Persians , who settled in the 6./7. Century BC Mixed with the Elamites .
  • Greek ethnologists claim that the Bakhtiars were of Greek descent and came to Iran with Alexander the Great . Because the Persians said that the Greeks did not win, but that luck (Persian: bacht ) was with them, they were called Bakhtiars (German: "the lucky ones" / "the lucky ones"). But many scholars believe that the Bakhtiars are the Bactrians (Persian Bāḫtarī ) who moved to the Zagros Mountains .
  • According to the Encyclopaedia of Islam, the Bakhtiars immigrated to Iran from Syria in the 10th century and were known as the Great Lurs until the 15th century. They are possibly of Kurdish origin.

language

The Bachtiarische is the lurischen dialect cluster allocated. Bakhtiaric shares words, morphological and phonological elements with Persian and Kurdish . Bakhtiaric is more similar to Persian within the Iranian languages and is one of the Southwest Iranian languages. Bakhtiaric is spoken mainly in the Iranian provinces of Chahār Mahāl and Bachtiyāri, Lorestan , Ilam , Kohgiluye and Boyer Ahmad, as well as in parts of Khuzestan and Esfahan .

Others

The name is also found in the Iranian province of Tschahār Mahāl and Bachtiyāri . These names are particularly well known on the international stage.

The Bakhtiars belong to Shiite Islam.

Well-known Bakhtiars

literature

  • Mohsen Farsani: Lamentations chez les nomades bakhtiari d'Iran . Paris 2003.
  • Arash Khazeni: The Bakhtiari Tribes in the Iranian Constitutional Revolution in Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa, and the Middle East No. 25, 2, Duke University Press, 2005.
  • Vita Sackville-West, Une aristocrate en Asie: Douze jours en Pays bakhtyar, Anatolia / Le Rocher, 2000

Web links

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  1. ↑ History of the Bakhtiars on www.farhangsara.com ( Memento of the original from July 25, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Persian)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.farhangsara.com
  2. ↑ Sixth Biennial Conference of Iranian Studies ( Memento of the original from August 30, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.iranheritage.org