Baltic Railway
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The Baltic Railway ( Russian Балтийская железная дорога Baltijskaja schelesnaja doroga ) was initially a private, later state railway company in the Russian Empire . It existed from 1868 to 1907 (in operation since 1870). The main line of the company connected the Baltic Sea ports of Reval (now Tallinn ) and Baltischport (now Paldiski ) with Saint Petersburg and the railway between Saint Petersburg and Moscow (the then Nikolaibahn , Russian: Nikolajewskaja schelesnaja doroga ). The routes are now on the territories of the Russian oblasts of Leningrad and Pskov as well as Estonia and Latvia .
history
The Baltic Railway Company was founded by Baron Alexander von der Pahlen on behalf of the Estonian knighthood . On 10 jul. / August 22, 1868 greg. the Russian Emperor Alexander II granted the concession for the railway from Baltischport (Russian: Baltijski port ) via Reval, Wesenberg (today Rakvere ) and Narwa to a connection point on the St. Petersburg - Warsaw or St. Petersburg - Oranienbaum (today Lomonossow ) routes 377 werst (402 kilometers) at most.
The route, slightly beyond the originally approved endpoints in the east, from Baltischport to Tosno on the Saint Petersburg - Moscow route over almost 390 werst (414 kilometers), was opened on October 24th July. / 5th November 1870 greg. released for regular traffic. A little later, on July 13th . / November 25, 1870 greg. the concession was confirmed for a period of 85 years, with the state reserving the right to acquire the company after 20 years at the earliest.
On 11 jul. / February 23, 1872 greg. The Baltic Railway bought the Petershofer Railway, which operated the suburban lines to Oranienbaum (Lomonossow) and Krasnoye Selo from Saint Petersburg, which were opened between 1857 and 1864 , and immediately began building a connection between the two networks. In the same year, on July 12th . / December 24th greg. this connection between Gatchina and Krasnoye Selo was put into operation. Passenger traffic on the Baltic Railway in the direction of Reval has since been conducted from the Saint Petersburg Baltic Railway Station via Ligowo and Krasnoye Selo to Gatchina-Baltic Railway Station (Baltijskaja) . Since the electrification in 1937, this section is primarily for suburban traffic , while the long-distance transport until its closure in 2001 by the Warsaw Station on the already since 1857 existing on this section parallel section of the St. Petersburg-Warsaw railway to Gatchina-Warsaw train station (Warschawskaja) was performed . Most of the freight traffic between Gatchina and Tosno was routed south of Saint Petersburg on the Saint Petersburg-Moscow route.
On December 21, 1874 Jul. / January 2, 1875 greg. the emperor approved the plans of the society to build a branch line from Taps (today Tapa ) to Derpt (German Dorpat , today Tartu ). This took place almost two years later, on July 19th . / December 31, 1876 greg. the operation.
According to the decision of the Council of Ministers and the Economic Department of the State Council of 13 July / March 25, 1893 greg. the Russian state acquired the company on July 1 . / April 13th, Greg. of the year. Almost two months later, on May 26th, July. / June 7, 1893 greg. The Baltic Railway was combined with the Pskov-Riga Railway , which had existed since 1889 , and was henceforth called the Baltic and Pskow-Riga Railway (Baltijskaja i Pskowo-Rischskaja schelesnaja doroga) .
1901 7.502.861 passengers and 180,646,942 were Pud (nearly 3 million tons) transported goods.
In 1905 the company opened another stretch of cone (now Keila ) at Reval to Haapsalu (Haapsalu), before due to "Most High" arrangement of the Emperor Nicholas II. From 14 jul. / July 27, 1906 greg. On 1 jul. / January 14, 1907 greg. together with the St. Petersburg-Warsaw Railway (Sankt-Peterburgo-Warschawskaja schelesnaja doroga) , which was established in 1853 and nationalized in 1895, became part of the newly founded Northwestern Railway (Severo-Sapadnyje schelesnyje dorogi) .
stretch
The following table lists all lines that were operated by the Baltic and the Baltic and Pskov-Riga Railways until the end of 1906, initially sorted according to the date of their opening. The St. Petersburg - Peterhof - Oranienbaum (Lomonossow) route and a few other, short sections were double- tracked, all others were single-tracked. The maximum operating length was 1004 werst (1071 kilometers). In 1902 the total length of the track was 1262 werst (1346 kilometers) and the number of stations was 110.
| Route (today's name) |
Route (name at opening) |
opening | Length (werst / saschen) |
Length (kilometers) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saint Petersburg - Peterhof | Saint Petersburg - Peterhof | July 21 jul. / August 2, 1857 greg. | 26 W. 455 pp. | 30.8 |
| Ligowo - Krasnoye Selo | Ligowo - Krasnoye Selo | July 14th / June 26, 1859 greg. | 11 W. 152 p. | 12.1 |
| Peterhof - Lomonosov | Peterhof - Oranienbaum | 7th jul. / June 19, 1864 greg. | 10 W. 360 p. | 11.4 |
| Paldiski - Tosno | Baltischport - Tosno | October 24th July / 5th November 1870 greg. | 388 W. 170 p. | 414.3 |
| Gatchina - Krasnoye Selo | Gatchina - Krasnoye Selo | 12 jul. / December 24, 1872 greg. | 21 W. 228 p. | 22.9 |
| Tapa - Tartu | Taps - Derpt | July 19 / December 31, 1876 greg. | 105 W. 408 p. | 112.9 |
| Pskov - Riga | Pskov - Riga | July 1889 | 286 W. | 305.1 |
| Valga - Tartu | Walk - Derpt | July 1889 | 78 W. | 83.2 |
| Keila - Haapsalu | Cone - Hapsal | 15th jul. / November 28, 1905 greg. | 73 W. 150 p. | 78.2 |
Remarks:
- ↑ A werst comprised 500 bags.
- ↑ a b c Opened by the Peterhofer Railway; in stock of the Baltic Railway from February 11th jul. / February 23, 1872 greg.
- ↑ a b Opened by the Pskov-Riga Railway; in the holdings of the Baltic and Pskov-Riga railways from May 26th jul. / June 7, 1893 greg.
Locomotives and wagons
On January 1, 1889, the Baltic Railway had 135 steam locomotives , 292 passenger cars and 2,661 freight cars; in 1902 it had 488 passenger cars, 50 mail and baggage cars and 3602 freight cars.
The first locomotives of the Baltic Railway as well as the eleven (of originally 16) locomotives taken over from the Peterhofer Railway were supplied by German and English manufacturers. From 1874 locomotives from Russian manufacturers were also procured, after 1876 exclusively.
In passenger transport, the company switched to triple- coupled locomotives in 1904 with the acquisition of two locomotives of the series Н (later Ж) . Initially three couplers were used for freight traffic, and from 1883 four couplers were also used. All locomotives operated by the Baltic Railways were locomotives with a tender .
| model series | design type | Manufacturer | number | Delivery period | comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Passenger locomotives | |||||
| - | 2 B | Karlsruhe | 3 | 1856-1860 | Names at the Peterhofer Railway: Karolina , Alexei , Wassili ; retired soon after takeover |
| - | 1A1 | Sharp | 2 | 1857-1858 | Names at the Peterhofer Railway: Strelnja , Jekaterina (2) ; Series Д, Е; retired soon after takeover |
| Б А | 1B | Borsig | 6th | 1863-1867 | Names on the Peterhof Railway: Jelena , Marija , Nadeschda , Oranienbaum , Peterhof , Alexander ; Series З; three of the locomotives were not retired until after 1893 |
| Б | 1B | Schwartzkopff | 16 | 1869 | in the north-west railways series Б Ц |
| Б В | 1B | Votkinsk | 6th | 1874 | Type Borsig; Delivered to the Polessye Railway in 1895 , series А and В |
| Б Б | 1B | Schwartzkopff | 6th | 1875 | in the north-west railways series Б Ш |
| Б П | 2 B | Putilov | 13 | 1899 | on the northwestern railways class П, from 1912 class П П |
| Н | 2'C | Nevsky | 2 | 1904 | in the northwestern railways class КБ, from 1912 class Ж |
| Freight locomotives | |||||
| Г | C. | Schwartzkopff | 34 | 1870-1871 | at the northwest railways class Г Ш |
| Г А | C. | Nevsky | 6th | 1874 | |
| Г Б | C. | Schwartzkopff | 25th | 1875-1876 | at the northwest railways class Г К |
| Г В | C. | Nevsky | 23 | 1875-1876 | |
| М | D. | Nevsky | 4th | 1883 | from 1912: Series Ч Н |
| Р О | D. | Nevsky | 7th | 1884 | from 1912: Series Ч Н |
| І | D. | Kolomna | 6th | 1888 | from 1912: Series Ч К |
| П | D. | 49 | 1897-1903 | from 1912: Series О Д | |
Remarks:
- ↑ The Baltic Railway introduced series designations in 1872.
- ↑ a b c Delivered to the Peterhofer Railway
- ↑ a b c year of construction, delivered second-hand to the Pskov-Riga Railway
- ↑ All Russian locomotive manufacturers were involved in delivering this series to many Russian railway companies; the exact assignment of manufacturers to railway companies is not known.
- ↑ total period of production of this sub-series; the exact time of delivery to the Baltic and Pskov-Riga railways is not known.
literature
- Baltiyskaya zheleznaya doroga . In: Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона - Enziklopeditscheski slowar Brokgausa i Jefrona . tape 2 a [4]: Ауто – Банки. Brockhaus-Efron, Saint Petersburg 1891, p. 823 (Russian, full text [ Wikisource ] PDF - Baltic Railway - connects Saint Petersburg with the ports of Reval and Baltic Port….).
- G. Afonina: Kratkie svedenija o razvitii otečestvennych železnych dorog s 1838 po 1990 g. MPS, Moscow 1995 (Russian, brief information on the development of the national railways from 1838 to 1990 ).
- Vitalij Rakov: Lokomotivy otečestvennych železnych dorog 1845–1955 . 2nd revised, ext. Edition. Transport, Moscow 1995, ISBN 5-277-00821-7 (Russian, locomotives of the national railways 1845–1955 ).
- Istorija železnodorožnogo transporta Rossii. Tom 1 (1836-1917 gg.) . PGUPS, Saint Petersburg 1994, ISBN 5-85952-005-0 (Russian, History of Russian Railways. Volume 1 (1836–1917) ).