Baroque horse

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Baroque horse in art: an equestrian portrait by Diego Velázquez

Around 1990 the term baroque horse came into use in Germany by various authors who use it to denote a certain type of horse with varying degrees of precision . "Baroque horses" are therefore those used at Central European courts, riding schools and riding academies during the Baroque period

  • (1) older or
  • (2) Art of war, parade, equestrian art that originated and bred there - and
  • (3) carriage horses as well
  • (4) Horses that are outwardly similar to those mentioned or whose physique is reminiscent of the lush, rounded appearance idealized by Rubens .

Analogously one speaks of “baroque races”, “baroque type horse” and “baroque riding”.

origin

The breeds listed under (1), (2), (3) and some of the breeds listed under (4) are descended from the African Berber horse and the Iberian horse. In 2002, an exclusive haplotype combination was discovered in Berbers, Andalusians and Lusitanos by means of genetic analysis , which proves their closest relationship and their own domestication center around Gibraltar and the Iberian Peninsula.

Races

War, parade and riding art horse breeds that originated before 1500

For warfare from the saddle (mostly close combat), horses with short backs were selected, mostly under 1.50 height, of great agility, rideability, beauty and endurance.

  • "Mohrische" or "African", also called barbel, barbarian or barber: Breeding area North Africa, origin autochthonous . Domesticated for more than 4000 years. In 1742, “gender registers” are handed down that are “just as we hold the genealogies of great men”. Modern studbooks established in Algeria (1886), Tunisia (1882) and Morocco (1914). Organized in the World Berber Association OMCB (Organization Mondiale du Cheval Barbe) since 1988. Today known as Berber and in the southern variant Dongola (Sudan, Chad, Cameroon, Niger).
  • "Hispanic": Iberian Peninsula breeding area. The oldest domestication references are approx. 2200 years old. Around 1600 differentiated u. a. in “Genette” (from royal and aristocratic stud farms throughout the Iberian Peninsula) and “Villanos” (the Iberian land plot). Known today as Andalusians and Lusitano .
  • Neapolitans : Breeding area Italy. Founded around 1220 by Emperor Friedrich II on the basis of Berbers. Around 1600 differentiated u. a. in “Corseri” (larger coachbuilders), “Mantuaner”, “Neapolitan Genetten” in the Spanish type and “da due selle” (Italian land plot). Almost extinct. Variant or descendant: Murgese .

Courtly war, parade and riding art horse breeds that emerged after 1500

At Central European aristocratic courts on equestrian traits, suitability for close combat and imposing, selected (mostly very) regional races.

  • Frederiksborger : Originally the breeding area of ​​the royal stud farms of the Danish Crown. Founding of the stud book in 1536 by King Christian II. Continuation under the same name in a different form (sport horse type) and as Knabstrupper .
  • Karster : Originally the breeding area of ​​the Lipica stud farm under Archduke Karl , first called "Lipizzaner" in 1786. Today bred in riding horse lines ( Spanish Riding School ) and body lines.
  • Altér Real : Originally the breeding area of ​​the court studs of the Braganza dynasty , Portugal. Founded in 1748 by King John V on the basis of Hispanic horses. Extinct after 1807. Back-breeding under the same name since 1942 at the Altér Stud, Portugal.
  • Andalusian : origin in Hispanic. A stud book for horses from the Iberian Peninsula has been in existence since 1912 by the Spanish Ministry of Defense. In 1967 the stud book split into "Pure Spanish Races" ( Pura Raza Española , PRE for short) and "Pure Lusitanian Blood" ( Puro Sangue Lusitano , PSL for short).
  • Lusitano : Origin in the Hispanic of the Portuguese west of the Iberian Peninsula. Stud bookkeeping since 1912 together with Spanish horses, since 1967 own stud book.
  • Murgese : Breeding area Apulia, southern Italy. Stud book founded in 1926 from presumed descendants of the Neapolitan and the regional land plot. Primarily selected for work performance in agriculture, to a lesser extent also for riding abilities.
  • Knabstrupper : origin in a color variation (leopard) of the Frederiksborger. Founded in 1798 by Major Villars Lynn at the Knabstrup Stud (Denmark). Multiple severe reduction in stocks and influence of foreign blood. Today in Denmark it is looked after as a pure color breed from pony to draft horse. Back-breeding of the "Original Knabstruppers" (Frederiksborger Leopard) in the German breeding project EuNeK (European Network of Knabstrupper Breeders) .
  • Numerous extinct breeds: "Herrenhäuser Weißgeborener", "Bückeburger", "Dillenburger Ramsnase", "Pfälzer", "Pommern", "Westphalen" etc. v. m.

Court horse breeds that emerged after 1500

In the agricultural environment of the Central European aristocratic courts, regional breeds selected for work and performance and imposing teamwork.

A frieze
  • Friezes : Originated in the 16th century from imported Hispans and regional land clusters. Around 1600 a. a. differentiated into “Gröninger”, “Dutch” and “Flemish”. 1878 Foundation of the stud book. Decimated to three breeding stallions in 1913, then continuously reconstructed on very narrow bloodlines.
  • Kladruber : Breeding area originally the farm studs of the k. u. k. Monarchy . Breeding began in 1552 in the court stud of Emperor Maximilians II , stud book founded in 1579 in Kladruby nad Labem (Kladrub on the Elbe) under Emperor Rudolf II. Bred from Neapolitans and later from Frisians and Arabs, exclusively as black and gray horses for the representative train.

Breeds similar in physique

See also

Web links

Commons : Baroque Horse  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Since the end of the 1880s, the term “Baroque” has been used as a scientific time determination. See Wilfried Koch: Architectural Style. Orbis Verlag für Publizistik, Munich 1994, ISBN 3-572-00689-9 , p. 236.
  2. ^ Sylvia Loch: Reitkunst im Wandel Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-440-06914-1 , pp. 49 ff., 55 ff.
  3. ↑ Nissen, 1998, from Thomas Jansen: Investigations on the phylogeny and domestication of the domestic horse (Equus ferus f. Caballus). Tribal development and geographical distribution. Dissertation, Bonn 2002, p. 7 ff.
  4. ↑ GELöhneysen : Della Cavalleria , 1609, Olms Verlag, Hildesheim, 1977, ISBN 3-487-08088-5 , p 83
  5. ↑ GELöhneysen : Della Cavalleria , 1609, Olms Verlag, Hildesheim, 1977, ISBN 3-487-08088-5 , p 86
  6. ↑ a b Valentino funnels : Curiöses Reit- Jagd-, Fecht-, Tantz- or Ritter-Exercitien-Lexicon , Johann Friedrich Gleditsch Verlag, Leipzig 1742, p. 118
  7. ↑ Abderrahman Kadri: Le cheval Barbe - cheval de légende Zaki Bouzis Editions, Alger, 2009, ISBN 978-9961-771-10-5 , pp. 68 ff.
  8. ↑ GELöhneysen : Della Cavalleria , 1609, Olms Verlag, Hildesheim, 1977, ISBN 3-487-08088-5 , p 87
  9. ↑ GELöhneysen : Della Cavalleria , 1609, Olms Verlag, Hildesheim, 1977, ISBN 3-487-08088-5 , p 88
  10. ↑ a b Sylvia Loch: Reitkunst im Wandel Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-440-06914-1
  11. ↑ GELöhneysen : Della Cavalleria , 1609, Olms Verlag, Hildesheim, 1977, ISBN 3-487-08088-5 , p 84
  12. ↑ GELöhneysen : Della Cavalleria , 1609, Olms Verlag, Hildesheim, 1977, ISBN 3-487-08088-5 , p 90