Bedaius
Bedaius or Bedaio was a probably Celtic god who was worshiped in Roman times in Bedaium (today's Seebruck in Chiemgau ).
Little is known about this deity. She is never depicted and only appears on about a dozen consecration stones that were set up in Bedaium and the surrounding area. Bedaius is referred to in these inscriptions as the "exalted one" ( augustus ) and "saint" ( sanctus ). He is mentioned together with Arubianus , who was equated with Jupiter , and with the Alounae (nymphs or mother deities).
Since the sanctuary of this deity was in Bedaium on the Chiemsee, it has been assumed that Bedaius was a personification of the Chiemsee . The cult of the god died out in the course of the third century. The last consecration stone dates to the year 241.
Inscriptions
| CIL | inscription | Dating (ad) |
Locality Fund year |
image | EDH |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CIL III, 5572 | Bedaio Aug (usto) / sacr (um) Aloun / ar (um) Setoni / us Maxim / ianus et Fir (mius?) Firmi / nianus IIvir (i) / Perpetuo et Cornel (iano) co (n) s (ulibus) | 237 | Chieming , 1813 |  |
HD042376 |
| CIL III, 5574 | [Bedaio Au] g (usto) / [sa] c (rum) Sex (tus) / [3] on (ius?) Ma / [3] et Iu / [lius V] alen / [tinus] Prae / [sente et 3 co (n) s (ulibus)] | 153-246 | Chieming, 1858 |  |
HD042377 |
| CIL III, 5575 | In h (onorem) d (omus) d (ivinae) I (ovi) O (ptimo) M (aximo) / Arub (iano) et Sancto / Bed (aio) Vind (ius) Verus / b (ene) f (iciarius ) co (n) s (ularis) leg (ionis) II Ital (icae) / P (iae) F (idelis) Sever (ianae) ex voto / pos (uit) Id (ibus) Mai (i) s / Imp ( eratore) d (omino) n (ostro) Seve / ro Alexandro Aug (usto) II et Marcel / lo II co (n) s (ulibus) | May 15, 226 | Stöttham near Chieming, before 1816 |  |
HD042406 |
| CIL III, 5580 | I (ovi) O (ptimo) M (aximo) Arubiano / et Bedaio Sancto / Tul (lius) Iuvenis / b (ene) f (iciarius) co (n) s (ularis) leg (ionis) II / Ital (icae) Antoninian (ae) / v (otum) s (olvit) l (ibens) m (erito) / Idib (us) Mai (i) s [[d (omino) [n (ostro)]]] / [[[Imp (eratore) Antonino]]] / II et Sacerdote co (n) s (ulibus) | May 15, 219 | Pittenhart , 1807 |  |
HD042398 |
| CIL III, 5581 | Bedaio Aug (usto) / et Alounis / sacr (um) / C (aius) Catius / Secundia / nus IIvir / Imp (eratore) Antonin (o) / II et Sacerdote co (n) s (ulibus) | 219 | Seeon Abbey , in the abbey since 1527 |  |
HD042402 |
| CIL III, 11777 | Bedaio Aug (usto) / P (ublius) Domitius / Flaccus / et Q (uintus) Lucret (ius) / Optatus / IIvir (i) / [P] ompeiano / [et Avi] to co (n) s (ulibus) | 209 | Chieming, 1882 |  |
HD042378 |
| CIL III, 11778 | Bedaio Aug (usto) / sacr (um) Alo (u) n (arum) / L (ucius) Cassius Lucullus / et C (aius) Vind (ius) Constans / [I] Ivir (i) Fusco / [II et Dextro co (n) s (ulibus)] | 225 | Chieming, 1882 |  |
HD042379 |
| CIL III, 11779 | Sacro (!) Aloun / arum Aug (ustarum) Nol () / Iu (v) enalis et Vig / rius Victorin (us) / Gordiano et Pom / peiano co (n) s (ulibus) votu / m sol (verunt) l (ibentes) m (erito) | 241 | Chieming, 1882 |  |
HD042380 |
According to August Obermayr, 10 consecration stones between Inn and Chiemsee are dedicated to the Bedaius cult. Since the foundation was made by local officials ( consulibus ), he includes the stones from Attel and Rabenden.
| CIL | inscription | Dating (ad) |
Locality Fund year |
image | EDH |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CIL III, 5578 | ---] / et L (ucius) Cass (ius) Po / tentinus / IIvir (i) / Cilone II et / Libone co (n) s (ulibus) / XV Kal (endas) Nove (mbres) | Oct 18, 204 | Attel |  |
HD042333 |
| CIL III, 5587 | Imp (eratore) domino n (ostro) / Severo Alexa / ndro Aug (usto) III / et Cassio Dion (e) / it (erum) co (n) s (ulibus) / L (ucius) Pomponius / Constans et / M (arcus) Ursinius V [e] / rus IIvir (i) / dicaverun [t] | 229 | Rabenden , beginning of the 19th century. |  |
HD042399 |
Dated May 15th
While Czysz & Keller mention that May 15th was sacred to Jupiter, Obermayr explains that the stones from Stöttham and Pittenhart are charitable foundations . The date marks the beginning of the one-year term. Both of the named founders were members of the Legio II Italica , which at that time was stationed in the Lauriacum legion camp in Enns .
See also
literature
- Wolfgang Czysz , Erwin Keller : Bedaium, Seebruck in Roman times . Extended Edition. Munich 1981.
- August Obermayr: Roman stones between Inn and Salzach . Pannonia-Verlag, Freilassing 1974, ISBN 3-7897-0526-8 .
- Ms. Ohlenschlager: Bedaium and the Bedaius inscriptions from Chieming. In: Session reports of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Philosophical-Philological and Historical Class. May 1883, pp. 204-220.