Seeon Monastery

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360 ° aerial panorama of the Seeon Monastery Show
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View of today's cultural and educational center
Engraving in the Topographia Germaniae by Matthäus Merian, around 1644

The Seeon Abbey is a former Benedictine monastery in the village of Seeon the community Seebruck in the Upper Bavarian district of Traunstein . Today it is used as a cultural and educational center for the Upper Bavaria district . The retreat of the CSU state group of the German Bundestag, formerly located in Wildbad Kreuth, has been taking place here since 2017 .

The monastery was founded by Benedictines in 994 . After the secularization in 1803 it was converted into a castle and used for various purposes, at times it was owned by the family of the dukes of Leuchtenberg .

history

History of the monastery up to its dissolution in 1803

Seeon Monastery was founded in 994 by Count Palatine Aribo I and his wife Adala . Benedictines from St. Emmeram in Regensburg moved into it. The first cell for the Benedictine monastery church of St. Lambert was also built that year. The monastery is located on an island in the Klostersee, where the town of Seeon is also located. 999 took Emperor Otto III. the monastery under his protection and gave it the status of an imperial abbey , which it lost again in 1201 when the monastery was donated by the Roman-German King Philip of Swabia to the Archbishop of Salzburg .

As early as the 10th century, the Benedictines developed an important writing school in which manuscripts were not only made for their own needs, but also for other monasteries and churches. The most important client was Emperor Heinrich II , who donated some of the books to the Bamberg diocese he founded .

Interior of the St. Lambert Church

The abbey had administrative offices in the provosts of Mühldorf , Kling , Sinning and Trostberg .

Towards the end of the 11th century the monastery was rebuilt in the Romanesque style. However, this building stood for barely a century; Around 1180, the church, which is essentially still in existence today, was built with an apse at the end in the east.

The abbot of Seeon received the right to bear the pontificals in 1412 . The abbey church was rebuilt in 1428/1433 by the Burghauser Konrad Pürkhel in the late Gothic style. The Romanesque column basilica was vaulted and received a new choir.

Martin II. Kötterlein, abbot from 1576 to 1590, is due to his extensive spiritual and economic reforms as the “second founder” of the monastery, which suffered severe economic damage under its predecessors. The painting of the church with the Renaissance frescoes from 1579 is unique. In addition to scenes from the life of Christ and Mary, they also show the patron saints Benedict and Lambert and the monastery founders Aribo and Adala. Also worth seeing are the red marble tombstone of Abbot Honoratus Kolb , who ran the monastery from 1634 to 1652, as well as the tombstones of the abbots from the 15th and 16th centuries lined up in the castle chapel on the walls . In the middle of the room, the founder of high grave of the Count Palatine Aribo is I, manufactured by Hans Heider To visit around 1400 is also the renovated convent cloister .

Our Lady of Seeon

The Madonna and Child (the Seeon Mother of God ) - created in 1433 by the so-called Master von Seeon - is one of the most beautiful depictions of Mary with the child. It has been in the Bavarian National Museum in Munich since 1855 , a copy has been in the high altar of the current parish church of Seeon since 1947. In the sacristy of the Seeon church there is also an even older Madonna from 1380.

Seeon Monastery, view from the west

The church originally had only one, namely the north tower (based on the model of the Frauenchiemsee monastery ). The second tower was added at the end of the 12th century. The Romanesque towers are reminiscent of the Freising Cathedral and, like those of the Frauenkirche in Munich, have Welsche hoods (copper onion domes ), which were only added after a fire in 1561. In the years 1657–1670 the church was expanded to include a sacristy in the Marienkapelle, the prayer choir and a crypt under the Barbara chapel.

Until secularization , the Seeon Benedictine monastery was also a place of learning and culture: Haydn was a guest and Mozart worked here between 1767 and 1769. Offertories were still being performed by him in 1771 . Mozart wrote two offers especially for the Seeon Abbey: Scande coeli limina (KV 34; 1769) and Internatos Mulierum (KV 72; 1771). The so-called Mozarteiche , under which, according to tradition, he was happy to sit , is still growing today at Seeoner See.

19th to 21st century

In 1803 the island monastery was dissolved and the property was auctioned by the Electorate of Bavaria . The Munich baker Franz Xaver Distler acquired most of the buildings in Seeon. The pilgrimage church Maria Eck near Siegsdorf, which was also owned by the monastery, came to the Traunstein brewer Felix Obermair in 1810 after lengthy quarrels with the population. The St. Lambert monastery church was intended as a parish church for the nearby town of (Nieder-) Seeon. The monastery buildings were subsequently used as a brewery and a medicinal bath. The hospital and library were demolished and a dam to the mainland was built.

Amélie von Leuchtenberg , the former Empress of Brazil, acquired the former monastery buildings in 1852. They remained in the possession of the Dukes of Leuchtenberg until 1934 . Then the industrialist Max Wiskott bought the monastery complex and rented it to the NSDAP for the construction of an SA school and training facilities for the Reich Labor Service . From 1945 Seeon first acted as a hospital, then as a refugee camp. From 1958 to 1978 the monastery was a school for the Federal Border Guard , then barracks for the Bavarian riot police . In 1979 it was acquired by the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising in order to prevent a rumored purchase by the Bhagwan sect .

In 1989 the building complex was acquired by the Upper Bavaria district ; In 1993 it was reopened as a cultural and educational center after a long renovation period. Today concerts and exhibitions as well as seminars, conferences and workshops are held here.

List of abbots from Seeon Abbey

source

  1. Adalbert, 994
  2. Gerhard , 1004, 1020
  3. Gunther I.
  4. Gaminold, 1026
  5. Hartnid
  6. Engilbert
  7. Gerold
  8. Eberhard
  9. Rudolf, † 1102
  10. Gunther II, 1139
  11. Albert
  12. Bernhard, 1140
  13. Wolfger, 1144
  14. Irimbert , 1147
  15. Haimo, around 1157
  16. Siboto, 1169, 1180
  17. Alban, 1195
  18. Hartmann, 1205
  19. Henry I, 1216, 1218
  20. Ulrich I. Bartenhauser, 1238, 1247
  21. Albert, 1257, 1266
  22. Dietrich I., 1275, 1284
  23. Heinrich II., 1289, † 1303
  24. Peter I, 1309, † 1311
  25. Dietrich II., 1312, † 1318
  26. Heinrich III., 1319-1348
  27. Rupert, 1351
  28. Conrad Schalkner, † 1374
  29. Peter II. Kienberger, 1376
  30. Friedrich, 1384
  31. Simon Farcher (abbot 1385-1412)
  32. Erhard I. Farcher (abbot 1412–1438, received the right to bear the pontificals in 1412)
  33. Wilhelm Höpf, 1438–1442
  34. Johann Heuppel (abbot 1442–1476)
  35. Balthasar I (abbot 1476–1480)
  36. Erhard II. Manseer / Mondseer (abbot 1480–1489)
  37. Balthasar II, 1490-1492
  38. Franz (Francis) Wider (abbot 1492–1521)
  39. Jerome (abbot 1521–1529)
  40. Georg Neunhauser (abbot 1529–1533)
  41. Martin I (abbot 1533–1549)
  42. Henry IV Hunger (abbot 1549–1569)
  43. Wolfgang Finauer (abbot 1569–1575, led the monastery completely to ruin, resigned 1575)
  44. Martin II Kötterlein (lived until 1590, abbot 1576– February 28, 1590, external reform abbot, from Nuremberg, previously conventual in the Tegernsee monastery, appointed by Archbishop Johann Jakob von Salzburg on the initiative of Duke Albrecht V, as the monastery had suffered great damage in spiritual and worldly matters under his predecessor, this abbot is considered the "second founder" of the monastery because of his comprehensive spiritual and economic reforms)
  45. Paul Manazeder (lived until 1602, abbot 1590– October 16, 1602, confirmed by Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Salzburg, previously conventual and priest)
  46. Benedikt Fischer (Piscator) (lived until 1609, abbot 1602–1609, invested in 1603 by Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Salzburg, previously priest and conventual)
  47. Sigmund (Sigismund) Dullinger (lived until 1634, abbot 1609–1634, confirmed by Archbishop Wolf Dietrich of Salzburg on June 24, 1609, previously priest, conventual and prior)
  48. Honoratus Kolb (lived January 16, 1603 - May 13, 1670, abbot 1634–1653, previously prior, confirmed by Archbishop Paris of Salzburg on January 13, 1635, this abbot opened the monastery of Baroque art and laid the foundation for Seeon's cultural significance in literature and music care, resigned 1653)
  49. Columban I. Freitlsperger (abbot 1653–1665, confirmed by Archbishop Paris of Salzburg on August 16, 1653, previously prior)
  50. Romanus Müller (abbot 1665–1671, confirmed by Archbishop Guidobald von Salzburg on November 10, 1665, previously priest and conventual)
  51. Adalbert II. Gruber (lived until 1694, abbot 1671–1694)
  52. Marian Berger (lived until 1701, abbot 1694–1701, confirmed by Archbishop Johann Ernst von Salzburg on October 27, 1694, previously prior)
  53. Columban II. Freitlsperger (lived until 1727, abbot 1701–1727, confirmed on July 2, 1701 by Archbishop Johann Ernst von Salzburg)
  54. Rufin or Rufinus Mayr (lived until 1753, abbot 1727–1753, confirmed on April 26, 1727 by Archbishop Franz Anton von Salzburg)
  55. Benedikt II. Reicherseder (lived until 1760, abbot 1753–1760, confirmed by Archbishop Sigismund Christoph von Salzburg on December 29, 1753)
  56. Augustin Sedlmayr (lived August 28, 1712– December 6, 1794, abbot 1760–1793, confirmed by Archbishop Sigismund Christoph von Salzburg on July 20, 1760)
  57. Lambert Neusser (abbot 1793–1803, lived until 1817)

Others

  • The folk song Dark Clouds has been handed down in melody and first text stanza by the Benedictine Father Johannes Werlin from the Seeon Monastery, who added it to his song collection in 1646.
  • The epitaph of two abbots of the Seeon Abbey is located in the Upper Parish of Bamberg . This grave monument for the Reform Abbot of the Seeon Monastery Martin II. Kötterlein († February 28, 1590) and his successor Paul Manezeder († October 16, 1602) is made of Solnhofen stone and came to this parish church at an unknown time. It already exists in 1887. On the left of the viewer the coat of arms and probably also a portrait of Abbot Martin and on the right the coat of arms and again his depiction of Abbot Paul Manezeder.
  • In 1984 the urn with the ashes of Anna Anderson was buried in the cemetery of the Church of St. Walburg in Seeon , who achieved international fame because she claimed all her life to be Grand Duchess Anastasia and thus the only surviving daughter of the last Russian tsar.
  • On the east bank of the Klostersee (Schulstrasse) there is a limnological research station of the University of Munich , which was previously (since 1947) a biological station of the Bund Naturschutz in Bavaria .
  • The annual closed-door meetings of the CSU regional group have been held in Seeon Abbey since 2017 (previously in Wildbad Kreuth ).

literature

  • Rainer Alexander Gimmel: Masterpieces of Late Gothic Sepulchral Sculpture. Studies on the tumble tombs for Duke Albrecht II of Straubing-Holland in the Carmelite Church in Straubing and for Count Palatine Aribo I of Bavaria in the former Benedictine monastery church of Seeon. In: Annual report of the historical association for Straubing and the surrounding area. Vol. 106, 2005, ISSN  0179-5805 , pp. 55-378.
  • Josef Kirmeier, Alois Schütz, Evamaria Brockhoff (eds.): The art of writing. Medieval illumination from the Seeon Abbey. Catalog for the exhibition at Seeon Abbey, June 28 to October 3, 1994 (= publications on Bavarian history and culture. No. 28). House of Bavarian History, Augsburg 1994, ISBN 3-927233-35-8 . (Abridged reprint: Susanne Schubert (Red.): The Seeon Abbey and its scriptorium. Catalog for the exhibition at Seeon Abbey 2010. Kunstverlag Fink, Lindenberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-89870-625-4 .)
  • Hans von Malottki (Ed.): Seeon Abbey. Contributions to the history, art and culture of the former Benedictine abbey. Konrad, Weissenhorn 1993, ISBN 3-87437-346-0 .
  • Vincent Mayr: The tomb of the founder of Seeon Abbey. In: Ancient and Modern Art. Vol. 22, Issue 152, 1977, ISSN  0002-6565 , pp. 15-18, digitized .
  • Monika Ofer: Kloster Seeon documents. Duration: 999–1791. Bavarian Main State Archives, archived from the original on November 30, 2014 ; Retrieved December 25, 2017 .
  • Meinrad Schroll (Red.): 1000 years of Seeon. Sewa - Seeon, 994-1994. A home book. Contributions to monastery, parish and local history. Published by the Seeon Festival Committee. mediform-Verlag, Seebruck 1994, ISBN 3-9803622-1-3 .
  • Carl Siegert: Seon in Upper Bavaria - once a castle, then a monastery, now Curort with mineral, brine and seaside baths - presented historically and descriptively in consideration of its surroundings , Munich 1856 ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Seeon  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Michael Hartig: Die Oberbayerischen Stifts , Volume I: The Benedictine, Cistercian and Augustinian canons . Publisher vorm. G. J. Manz, Munich 1935, DNB 560552157 , p. 36 f.

Coordinates: 47 ° 58 ′ 30 ″  N , 12 ° 26 ′ 52 ″  E