Archdiocese of Munich and Freising

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Archdiocese of Munich and Freising
Erzbistum Freiburg Erzbistum Bamberg Erzbistum Berlin Erzbistum Hamburg Erzbistum Köln Erzbistum München und Freising Erzbistum Paderborn Bistum Aachen Bistum Augsburg Bistum Dresden-Meißen Bistum Eichstätt Bistum Erfurt Bistum Essen Bistum Fulda Bistum Görlitz Bistum Hildesheim Bistum Limburg Bistum Magdeburg Bistum Mainz Bistum Mainz Bistum Münster Bistum Münster Bistum Osnabrück Bistum Passau Bistum Regensburg Diözese Rottenburg-Stuttgart Bistum Speyer Bistum Trier Bistum Trier Bistum WürzburgMap of the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising
About this picture
Basic data
Country Germany
Ecclesiastical province Munich and Freising
Diocesan bishop Reinhard Cardinal Marx
Auxiliary bishop Bernhard Haßlberger
Wolfgang Bishop
Rupert Graf zu Stolberg-Stolberg
Emeritus diocesan bishop Friedrich Cardinal Weather
Auxiliary Bishop Emeritus Franz Dietl
Vicar General Christoph Klingan
founding April 1, 1818
surface 12,082 km²
Dean's offices 40 (January 1, 2015)
Parishes 747 (December 31, 2018)
Residents 3,749,860 (December 31, 2018)
Catholics 1,674,146 (December 31, 2018)
proportion of 44.6%
Diocesan priest 720 (December 31, 2018)
Religious priest 369 (December 31, 2018)
Catholics per priest 1537
Permanent deacons 270 (December 31, 2018)
Friars 466 (2019)
Religious sisters 1673 (2019)
rite Roman rite
Liturgical language Latin , German
cathedral Frauenkirche (Munich)
Co-cathedral Freising Cathedral
address Kapellenstrasse 4
80333 Munich
Website www.erzbistum-muenchen.de
Suffragan dioceses Augsburg
Passau
Regensburg
Ecclesiastical province
Erzbistum Freiburg Erzbistum Bamberg Erzbistum Berlin Erzbistum Hamburg Erzbistum Köln Erzbistum München und Freising Erzbistum Paderborn Bistum Aachen Bistum Augsburg Bistum Dresden-Meißen Bistum Eichstätt Bistum Erfurt Bistum Essen Bistum Fulda Bistum Görlitz Bistum Hildesheim Bistum Limburg Bistum Magdeburg Bistum Mainz Bistum Mainz Bistum Münster Bistum Münster Bistum Osnabrück Bistum Passau Bistum Regensburg Diözese Rottenburg-Stuttgart Bistum Speyer Bistum Trier Bistum Trier Bistum WürzburgMap of the church province of Munich and Freising
About this picture
Coat of arms of the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising
The Frauenkirche in Munich
Cathedral of St. Maria and St. Korbinian in Freising
Reinhard Cardinal Marx (2010)
Coat of arms of Archbishop Reinhard Cardinal Marx (since the cardinal's elevation) - the Freising Mohr has been part of the coat of arms of the Freising bishops since the late Middle Ages
The Bear Miracle - St. Korbinian von Freising as bishop during his crossing of the Alps on the way to Rome in the year 710 , Jan Polack , oil on softwood, 1489
Shrine of St. Korbinian
Monument to Otto von Freising on the Freising Cathedral Hill by Caspar von Zumbusch
Bust in the lower church of the Bürgersaalkirche in Munich
Pilgrimage church Tuntenhausen
Pilgrimage church Maria Gern with the Untersberg
St. Bartholomä am Königssee in front of the Watzmann
Bust of Pope Benedict XVI. in front of the parish church of St. Oswald in Traunstein
Coat of arms of Benedict XVI. in the Munich Women's Cathedral

The Archdiocese of Munich and Freising ( Latin Archidioecesis Monacensis et Frisingensis ) is an archdiocese in southern Bavaria with its seat in Munich . It lies almost entirely in Upper Bavaria and also includes the Schlehdorf Monastery exclave , which is spatially separated from the core area .

The Archbishop of Munich and Freising is metropolitan of the church province of Munich and Freising with the suffragan bishops Augsburg, Regensburg and Passau. In total, the area of ​​the archdiocese covers around 12,000 square kilometers.

The proportion of Catholics in the total population of about 3.8 million people in the territory of the Archdiocese was 1.67 million as of January 1, 2019 (44% of the population).

history

Foundation and beginnings

In what is now Upper Bavaria, Christianity has been known since Roman times and is at home in settlements. Iroschottische wandering monks proselytized here as early as the 6th century. The Bavarians, who also immigrated in the 6th century during the migration of peoples, were also Christians (probably Arian ).

The ruling family of the Agilolfinger , who certainly adhered to Christianity, also tried to structure and consolidate ecclesiastical life in their territory in order to consolidate their rule. Around 720, Duke Grimoald II called the Franconian Bishop Korbinian from the Arpajon area near Paris to his court in Freising . When the bishop arrived, he built a first cathedral church next to his ducal palace on the Freising Cathedral Hill .

Since Korbinian came into conflict with the duke, because he called his marriage illegal, he had to flee to Merano in South Tyrol for a short time , but returned around 725 after the death of Grimoald II and devoted himself to establishing a diocese in Freising. After his death around 730, this preliminary work led Boniface to do this on behalf of Pope Gregory III. in the year 739 together with the dioceses of Salzburg , Regensburg and Passau was able to establish canonically.

From April 20, 798 Freising belonged as a suffragan to the ecclesiastical province of the diocese of Salzburg elevated to the archbishopric .

The diocese of Freising quickly reached a high level of cultural prosperity. Bishop Arbeo von Freising (764–783) concentrated science and culture on Domberg, making Freising the cultural center of old Bavaria. The settlement of numerous monasteries such as Tegernsee further promoted pastoral care and Christian culture.

Immediately after the foundation, intensive missionary work began in the area of ​​the Eastern Alpine Slavs, which led to the foundation of mission stations and branches in Innichen (783), Carinthia and Carniola as far as Bischoflack in Slovenia (973).

Middle Ages and the epoch of the Hochstift

With the Hungarian battles in the 10th century, the bishopric began a difficult time in the Middle Ages. Bishop Lantpert von Freising (937–957), who is very much admired by the people, is credited with saving the Domberg through a foggy miracle from the invading Hungarians. After the threat to Hungary had been averted, work in pastoral care and missions was expanded again. By improving clerical training, scientific education in the diocese was again significantly increased.

In the investiture dispute there was considerable tension between the emperor and the bishop. At times there was an opposing bishop in addition to the bishop. But the diocese flourished again under Bishop Otto von Freising (1138–1158), who was considered the most important historian of his time under Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa .

When it was raised to the status of a prince-bishopric , the diocese became secularly sovereign as the Hochstift Freising from 1294 onwards. During this time, the area was expanded to include the County of Werdenfels .

Reformation period and secularization

The Reformation could not gain a foothold in the area of ​​the Diocese of Freising with the temporary exception of the County of Haag . The church reforms of the Council of Trent (1545–1563) were only gradually implemented from 1618 under Bishop Veit Adam . Setbacks for the diocese also resulted from the chaos of war in the Thirty Years' War . In the course of the Baroque, however, the whole of Upper Bavaria experienced another cultural boom. This period also saw the equipment of the falls Freising cathedral by the Asam brothers .

A dark chapter of this time are the child witch trials in Freising from 1715 to 1723, during which several beggar boys and women were executed.

With the secularization from 1803, the Hochstift Freising also ended. When Bishop Joseph Konrad von Schroffenberg-Mös died that same year , the bishop's chair remained vacant for 18 years.

Establishment of the archbishopric

On the basis of the Bavarian Concordat , the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising was established in 1817. Through the circumscription bull Dei ac Domini Nostri Jesu Christi by Pope Pius VII. The area was redefined in 1818/21. The territory of the old bishopric of Freising was joined by territories of the Chiemsee diocese , which was repealed in 1808 , the areas of the Salzburg diocese ( Rupertiwinkel ) in Bavaria and the former prince-provost of Berchtesgaden . Because of the new state borders, the old areas of the Hochstift Freising on Tyrolean territory came to the dioceses of Brixen and Salzburg in return .

The seat of the newly created archdiocese was now Munich . The Munich Frauenkirche (Cathedral of Our Lady) became a cathedral . The Archbishop's residence and office is the Palais Holnstein in Munich. With a few exceptions, however, both the Korbinians Festival and the priestly ordinations continued to take place in the old Freising Cathedral. Therefore, 1981 was Freising Cathedral to the Co-Cathedral of the Archdiocese charged.

The former prince-bishop's residence on the Freising Cathedral Hill was given to the archbishopric in 1826 by King Ludwig I (1825–1848) to set up a seminary, a lyceum and the diocesan boys' seminary. From 1850 Freising also became the seat of the Freising Bishops' Conference .

Under the first Archbishop Lothar Anselm von Gebsattel (1821–1846), numerous secularized monasteries were rebuilt with the help of King Ludwig I to supplement this consolidation of the church structures in the new archdiocese. As von Gebsattel, Archbishop Gregor von Scherr (1856–1877) also concentrated on the expansion and promotion of theological education and science as the basis of pastoral care in the archbishopric. Gregor von Scherr also took part in the First Vatican Council .

World wars and the time of National Socialism

Under Archbishop Franziskus Cardinal von Bettinger (1909–1917), pastoral care in the city of Munich as well as for workers, students, soldiers and youth became a special focus of church work. During the time of his successor, Michael Cardinal von Faulhaber (1917–1952), the dramatic confrontation with National Socialism and the Second World War took place in Munich . The work of the Jesuit Father Rupert Mayer in Munich, who shaped the Catholic resistance , was also important at this time .

Reconstruction and increasing influence in the whole Church

In the years of the rebuilding of the country and the archdiocese after the war, it was Archbishop Joseph Cardinal Wendel (1952–1960) who organized the 1960 World Eucharistic Congress in Munich. Under him, the Catholic Academy was founded as a forum for dialogue between church and society.

From 1961 to 1976, Cardinal Julius Döpfner headed the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising. As one of four moderators, he led the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) and from 1965 was chairman of the German Bishops' Conference . In the archbishopric he promoted the liturgical reform after the council and was a pioneer of ecumenism . He also established the archbishopric's partnership with the dioceses of Ecuador .

Cardinal Döpfner's successor from May 28, 1977 to November 25, 1981 was Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger , who was appointed to the Roman Curia by Pope John Paul II and appointed Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. In 2005 he was named Benedict XVI. himself Pope.

His successor in the chair of the Archbishop of Munich was Friedrich Cardinal Wetter (1982-2007).

On November 30, 2007, Reinhard Marx was appointed to succeed Cardinal Wetter as Archbishop of Munich and Freising. Wetter remained in office as Apostolic Administrator for the Archdiocese of Munich until Marx took possession of the office. Marx was introduced as Archbishop of Munich and Freising in the Liebfrauendom on February 2, 2008, on the Feast of Mary Candlemas . On November 20, 2010 he was appointed cardinal . With him another Archbishop of Munich and Freising was elected chairman of the German Bishops' Conference.

In December 2010, the archdiocese and the lawyer commissioned by it, Marion Westphal, published a thesis paper on the results of a comprehensive investigation carried out by them into the archdiocese's personal files regarding sexual abuse in the archdiocese of Munich and Freising from 1945 to 2010; Among other things, she reported on files that had been destroyed and assumed a considerable number of unreported cases. The files were destroyed after the ten-year period stipulated by church law had expired, and the study itself remained under lock and key.

Bishops, Prince-Bishops and Archbishops

Important bishops of the Diocese of Freising were among others. the Hl. Korbinian (724-730), Arbeo of Freising (764-784), the Hl. Lantpert of Freising (937-957) and the Sel. Otto von Freising (1137-1158).

Most recently, Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger was Archbishop of Munich and Freising from 1977 to 1982. From April 19, 2005, until his resignation on February 28, 2013, he was Pope Benedict XVI. Bishop of Rome .

Traditionally, the Archbishop of Munich and Freising has been honored by the Pope with admission to the College of Cardinals since the 19th century.

Diocesan saints

In the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising, the following saints and blessed are particularly venerated (the respective day of remembrance is listed in brackets in the diocesan calendar, as well as information on whether it is a solemn festival (H), festival (F), a required day of remembrance (G) or a non-mandatory day Remembrance day (g) acts):

The anniversary of the consecration of the Metropolitan Church on April 14th is also celebrated as a festival in the entire Archdiocese , in the Metropolitan Church itself this day has the status of a solemn festival. The third Sunday in October is also celebrated as the solemn festival of the anniversary of consecration in those churches that do not know their consecration day.

Diocese structure

Parishes and churches

Membership numbers 1950–2016

In 2012, the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising was divided into 40 deaneries with 747 parishes and parish curatios .

In the area of ​​the archbishopric there are 746 parish churches, 1,140 branch and side churches and 1,406 chapels . Despite a sharp decline in church tax revenues and the number of Catholics as well as a shortage of priests , the archdiocese has so far been able to settle its expenses from current income without having to use reserves.

As part of the 2020 structural plan, 230 parish associations are planned for the future, 220 of which have already been established with a total of 684 parishes.

Pastoral care regions

The archbishopric is divided into three pastoral care regions, each of which is assigned an auxiliary bishop as episcopal vicar .

North region

Episcopal Vicar: Bernhard Haßlberger

14 deaneries:

Munich region

Episcopal Vicar: Rupert Graf zu Stolberg-Stolberg

12 deaneries:

South region

Episcopal Vicar: Wolfgang Bishop

14 deaneries:

Finances and wealth

The archbishopric was the wealthiest of the dioceses in Germany in 2016. His fortune amounts to 5.5 billion euros, but two fifths of them have been allocated to foundations by the diocese, which are consequently withdrawn from him. The proceeds may only be used for pastoral care, welfare and education. The remaining three-fifths are divided between 1.5 billion euros in real estate assets, the same amount in financial assets and around 440 million euros in liquid funds.

The Vicar General of the Archdiocese, Peter Beer, called for more transparency in church finances in 2018. The diocese participates in a compensation system as a donor in the financing of other German dioceses. In 2018, Beer urged his counterparts to have more precise and transparent financial accounting and in this regard rejects a special status for church bodies. “Ultimately, the balance sheet is the balance sheet. … I am also not aware that there are Catholic banknotes or arithmetic systems that are supposed to work differently with us. It may be that the structure or culture of the church is different from others, but as far as material is concerned, there is plus plus and minus minus. And then you should always proceed accordingly, ”said Beer 2018 of the Süddeutsche Zeitung.

Personnel structure

As of January 1, 2019, 576 priests were working in pastoral care in the Archdiocese , 294 were retired. 128 men worked as deacons in their main occupation, another 49 in civilian professions. 326 women and men were employed as pastoral officers in the archdiocese . In addition, 280 men and women worked as community officers . In addition, there were 574 religious teachers in church service in the archdiocese. In religious communities in total lived 1,673 nuns and 466 religious men.

Of the more than 200,000 volunteers in the parishes, around 9,000 worked in parish councils and a further 6,150 in church administrations.

The number of church employees was around 16,000. These included over 1,000 teachers at the diocesan schools. The number of employees at Caritas was around 20,000.

Church institutions

The Archdiocese of Munich and Freising is responsible for a total of 23 schools with over 12,000 students. There are also six school pastoral centers. Around 34,000 children are cared for in 443 day-care centers in the archdiocese and parishes. There are also 14 Catholic education centers.

The number of social institutions operated by Caritas and its professional associations in the Archdiocese is around 1,400, including 58 retirement and nursing homes, 56 social centers, over 200 facilities for the disabled, more than 40 children's homes, 16 youth residences and 25 Caritas centers.

Other facilities:

Pilgrimage sites

miscellaneous

Korbiniansfest and youth basketinians

For more than 1000 years, the solemn festival of the diocese patron St. Korbinian has been celebrated on the Freising Domberg in November .

For young people, the so-called basketball youth pilgrimage takes place, in which up to 6,000 young people from all over the diocese take part every year. The youth basket pilgrimage is organized by the Federation of German Catholic Youth (BDKJ) and the Archbishop's Youth Welfare Office (eja).

Structure of the BDKJ in the diocese

The Federation of German Catholic Youth (BDKJ) is the umbrella organization of Catholic youth associations and represents the interests of children, adolescents and young adults in Catholic youth work. In the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising, the BDKJ has seven member associations and one youth organization: The Catholic Young Congregation (kjg) , the Kolping Youth , the Catholic Rural Youth Movement (KLJB) , the German Scouting Society Sankt Georg (DPSG), the Christian Workers Youth (CAJ) , the Schoenstatt Youth (SJM), the St. Georg Girl Scouting Union (PSG) and the Ministrantenverband (MV) Munich and Freising. As a central association, it represents the entire Catholic youth work of the Archdiocese and thus around 102,000 young people and young adults in the field of youth policy.

Munich church newspaper and Munich church radio

In addition to the official reports via the press office, the Archdiocese finances the Munich church newspaper and the Munich church radio to report on church events and developments in the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising. The web radio, licensed by the Bavarian State Center for New Media , has been online since November 2008.

Partnership with the Catholic Church in Ecuador

The Archdiocese of Munich and Freising maintains a universal church partnership with the Catholic Church in Ecuador , the origins of which go back to the Second Vatican Council .

See also

literature

  • Josef Maß (Hrsg.): The Diocese of Freising in the Middle Ages (= Association for Diocesan History of Munich and Freising (Hrsg.): History of the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising , Volume 1), (= Wewelbuch 153), 2nd edition. Munich 1988, ISBN 3-87904-153-9 .
  • Georg Schwaiger (Hrsg.): The Diocese of Freising in the Modern Age , (= Association for Diocesan History of Munich and Freising (Hrsg.): History of the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising , Volume 2), (= Wewelbuch 155), Munich 1989, ISBN 3 -87904-155-5 .
  • Georg Schwaiger (Ed.): The Archdiocese of Munich and Freising in the 19th and 20th centuries. (= Association for Diocesan History of Munich and Freising (ed.): History of the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising , Volume 3), (= Wewelbuch 156), Munich 1989, ISBN 3-87904-156-3 .
  • Hubert Glaser, Franz Brunhölzl, Sigmund Benker: Vita Corbiniani. Bishop Arbeo von Freising and the life story of St. Korbinian. Munich 1983, ISBN 3-7954-0447-7 .
  • The bishops of Germany and Austria and the dioceses of Bozen-Brixen, Liège and Luxembourg (ed.): Gotteslob. Catholic prayer and hymn book. Edition for the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising, diocesan share No. 801 and 1000.1, Verlag St. Michaelsbund, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-920821-51-3 .

Web links

Commons : Archdiocese of Munich and Freising  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Catholic Church in Germany. (PDF: 1,041 kB) Statistical data 2018. Secretariat of the German Bishops' Conference, July 19, 2019, p. 3 , accessed on July 19, 2019 .
  2. ↑ AP2015
  3. ↑ a b c d Figures, data, facts. In: Homepage of the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising. Press office of the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising, accessed on September 25, 2019 .
  4. ↑ All information on the history presented here is taken from the works given in the Bibliography section.
  5. ↑ Lawyers Westpfahl, Spilker and Wastl: Key statements of the report Sexual and other physical attacks by priests, deacons and other pastoral employees in the area of ​​responsibility of the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising in the period from 1945 to 2009. Inventory - assessment - consequence . (PDF; 85 kB) Information on the press conference on December 3, 2010. December 2, 2010, accessed on September 12, 2019 .
  6. ↑ Philip Eppelsheim: In Secret. In: FAZ. January 12, 2012, accessed September 12, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Priests are in short supply. In: Mercury. November 23, 2018, accessed September 12, 2019 .
  8. ↑ Report on the 2016 budget as well as the 2015 annual financial statements and management report of the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising. (PDF) Archbishop's Ordinariate Munich, May 31, 2016, accessed on June 21, 2016 : “The present report aims to provide information about the origin and use of the funds as well as the economic situation of the archdiocese. For the first time he discloses your assets and shows what purposes they serve and how this is to be guaranteed in the long term. "
  9. ↑ 5.5 billion euros: Archdiocese of Munich is even richer than everyone else. In: Economy. Spiegel Online , June 20, 2016, accessed on June 21, 2016 (dpa agency report).
  10. ↑ Matthias Drobinski, Nicolas Richter, Katja Riedel: The Catholic Church disputes about money . In: sueddeutsche.de . 2018, ISSN  0174-4917 ( sueddeutsche.de [accessed on March 27, 2018]).
  11. ^ Archbishop Schools. In: erzbistum-muenchen.de. Retrieved September 12, 2019 .
  12. ↑ Korbinianswoche 2019. In: erzbistum-muenchen.de. Retrieved September 12, 2019 .
  13. ↑ Youth Korbinian pilgrimage. Archbishop's Youth Welfare Office in Munich and Freising, accessed on September 12, 2019 .
  14. ↑ member associations. In: Homepage of the BDKJ Munich and Freising. Retrieved September 12, 2019 .
  15. ^ BDKJ Munich and Freising: Diocesan altar boys' association included in BDKJ. Retrieved June 18, 2019 .
  16. ↑ About us. In: Homepage of the BDKJ Munich and Freising. Retrieved September 12, 2019 .
  17. ^ Ecuador partnership. In: erzbistum-muenchen.de. Archbishop's Office in Munich, accessed on September 12, 2019 .