Maria Eich
Maria Eich is an Augustinian monastery (former name of the order: Augustinian Hermits) with a pilgrimage church near Planegg in Upper Bavaria .
history
The blacksmiths' sons Franz and Kaspar Thallmayr from Planegg placed a Loreto mary picture in a hollow oak between 1710 and 1712 . In 1733, the recovery of a day laborer from the Planegger Hofbauern resulted in a pilgrimage to the Virgin Mary . As early as 1734, the influx of those in need was so great that a hut was built that surrounds the tree with the miraculous image. In 1742 a brick church building was built around the oak, which was consecrated on May 18, 1768. A hermitage was built in 1745, which also served as a school from 1790 to 1804. In 1775 the chapel received two bells (tones C sharp and D, the former has been preserved to this day).
Maria Eich gained supraregional importance when the Bavarian Elector Max III. Joseph held a par force hunt in the forest on October 12, 1775 . A hunted deer sought refuge by the chapel . When the elector saw the miraculous image , he spared the animal. To commemorate this event, a memorial plaque was attached to the chapel after the elector's death .
In addition to an extension of the chapel by two side chapels, a free altar and a pulpit were erected on the west side in 1780; these were moved to the east side in 1843 and 1846. On the Wallfahrerstraße coming from Munich, some stations of the cross were set up in 1866 , which were completed in 1930.
From 1956 to 1958 a pilgrimage church for winter services was built according to a plan by Michael Steinbrecher , which was inaugurated by Auxiliary Bishop Johannes Neuhäusler on December 8, 1958. After being enlarged in the 1960s, this church was rebuilt and redesigned from 2007 to 2008, and on November 16, 2008 the altar was consecrated by Auxiliary Bishop Engelbert Siebler . The windows of the church come from Johannes Schreiter .
Maria Eich 1938. Drawing by Luise Wewel
Open air altar for large pilgrimages
The Chapel of Grace
High altar with the original image of the Virgin Mary
Wood engraving by Hans Wolf, 1876
One of the approx. 50 "Methuselah oaks" in the Maria Eich monastery forest
Pilgrimages
The first climax of the young pilgrimage was reached in the 1780s. On the west side of the chapel, two side chapels and an open altar with a pulpit were built.
In the 19th century there were more pilgrimages, mainly from the Würmtal and Munich . A way of the cross was built for this, which began in Sendling south of Munich and ended in Maria Eich. In 1930 this path was abandoned and the fourteen images of the Stations of the Cross were placed along the newly built pilgrimage route from Lochham to Maria Eich. After four of the pictures were stolen, the remaining ones have been kept in the chapel since the 1960s.
In 1932 the chapel was redesigned. The once neo-Gothic tower and the free altar have been redesigned and a sandstone Madonna and Baby Jesus is enthroned in the background . In 2010, construction work took place again on the monastery and the free aisle, during which the monastery shop was redesigned and a previously missing community room was built. During the renovation, the services took place on a makeshift wooden altar.
monastery
Maria Eich is a young monastery. In 1746 the Planegg landlord, Baron von Ruffin, had a one-storey hermitage built and moved the school from the village of Planegg here. In 1790 a second floor was added.
From 1746 to around 1837, a total of thirteen Klausner performed in addition to their service as sacristan and organist also the task of school teacher. After that no more clergy , but seculars were employed as sacristans and teachers.
At the request of Cardinal Michael von Faulhaber , in 1953 the Augustinian hermits took over pastoral care at the pilgrimage site and in the nearby forest sanatorium . In 1958 they built a small monastery on the existing Hermitage and added a church to the complex, which they enlarged again in 1966.
Six Augustinian fathers and one brother currently live and work in the monastery .
The Oak
The first chapel enclosed the oak with the miraculous image and the trunk was led through the roof. On August 13, 1805, lightning struck the oak protruding above the church roof and smashed the treetop. The roof was then closed and the remaining trunk boarded up .
As part of the renovation in the 1950s, the oak trunk was moved from the interior of the church to a round building behind the high altar and choir. There the oak is visible behind glass again and pilgrims make requests for mercy in the small room.
Maria Eich monastery forest
The facility is surrounded by an oak and hornbeam forest of around 40 hectares , the Maria Eich monastery forest. The monastery forest is cut through by the M21 county road .
Around 50 oaks in the forest region around the pilgrimage church are around 250 to 300 years old; these are called “ Methuselah trees”. Many of them are in poor condition, but still have some residual life in the crowns; a third has already died. These trees or tree relics represent valuable habitats. As part of a biodiversity study in 2015, 238 xylobionte beetle species were detected in the monastery forest , including 88 species on the Red Lists and eight species that only occur in very old and particularly deadwood-rich forests, including the hermit and the black-brown short shredder .
To protect, preserve and develop the Kosterwald Maria Eich, a project alliance of the Bavarian State Forests , the forestry operations of the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising , the brothers of the Augustinian monastery Maria Eich, the district of Munich and the municipality of Planegg came together and created a project sketch “Eremiten im Klosterwald ”with numerous measures. The concept was awarded 2nd place in the biodiversity award of the Bavarian Nature Conservation Fund in 2016. In the same year, boards were set up in the project area to inform and guide visitors. In May 2019 the project was included in the “UN Decade of Biological Diversity”.
Others
Since the attack in 1980 at the Munich Oktoberfest , Willy Heide (died 2011), the former spokesman for the Oktoberfest hosts , has made a pilgrimage every September from his nearby Planegger restaurant to Maria Eich. He donated a votive candle here and asked for favorable weather for the time of the festival. This tradition is continued by his family.
literature
- Maria Eich. Parish Planegg in front of Munich, Archdiocese of Munich-Freising. , Hugo Schnell, 7., newly edited. Ed. Vol. 70 of the series "Kleine Kunstführer", Verlag Schnell & Steiner, Munich, Zurich (1972)
- History of the parish of Planegg and its localities Planegg, Steinkirchen, Martinsried, Krailling and the pilgrimage site of Maria Eich. , Franz Oßner (1981)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Archbishop's Office in Munich: Images of Faith // Today! - Contemporary church interiors and sculptures in the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising . Holzer Druck und Medien GMBH, Weiler 2010.
- ↑ Maria Eich - Picture gallery: Pilgrimage chapel before / after ( Memento from August 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Location of the Maria Eich monastery forest , Open Street Map
- ^ Methusaleme - old trees full of life , Bavarian State Forests
- ↑ The jungle of Maria Eich. Süddeutsche Zeitung, November 15, 2016
- ↑ Protection project “Hermits in the Maria Eich Monastery Forest” , community Planegg (The website offers further information.)
- ↑ UN award for the monastery forest project , Maria Eich monastery
- ↑ Jungle beetles in the Maria Eich monastery forest , District Office Munich (The website provides information on the project exhibition.)
- ↑ Hermits in the Maria Eich Monastery Forest (UN Decade), accessed on September 21, 2019
- ↑ Klosterwald Maria Eich: UN honors environmental project (video, BR-Mediathek, accessed on September 20, 2019)
- ↑ Blessed Peace Candle. Wiesn hosts make a pilgrimage to the pilgrimage church. Oktoberfest.Bayern, Münchner Merkur media group
Coordinates: 48 ° 6 ′ 23 " N , 11 ° 24 ′ 32" E