St. Maria (Ramersdorf)
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The Catholic parish and pilgrimage church of St. Maria Ramersdorf in Munich - Ramersdorf is one of the oldest and most important pilgrimage churches in the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising .
Together with St. Pius (Munich) , St. Maria Ramersdorf has formed the parish association Maria Ramersdorf – St. Pius. St. Maria Ramersdorf is part of the dean's office in Munich-Perlach .
location
St. Maria Ramersdorf (Aribonenstrasse 9) is located in the old village center north of the Mittlerer Ring / Innsbrucker Ring near the beginning of the A8 towards Salzburg . The church and the remains of the village center are therefore somewhat overshadowed by both major road links.
history
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The building history of the previous buildings of today's church is somewhat in the dark. Ramersdorf itself has been documented since the 11th century. The Rumolte family, who at least gave the village its name, soon built a noble church on the hill, which is still recognizable today.
St. Maria Ramersdorf is documented for the first time in the Konradinische Matrikel from the year 1315. In this diocesan description the church with the cemetery is mentioned as a branch of St. Michael in Perlach. The parish archives there were probably also the documents and files of the Ramersdorf church, which, however, was completely destroyed in a fire in the 18th century; that should also be the reason for the late first mention. There is also no information about the appearance of the church at the beginning of the 14th century. It is assumed that the substructure of today's church tower is the last remaining part of a Romanesque predecessor due to its wall thickness and vault shape .
Likewise, there is no news of the original patronage of the Church. The Marian patronage of the Ramersdorf Church was first mentioned in a document in 1381. It is therefore assumed that at the beginning of the 14th century an image of the Virgin was the goal of pilgrims.
Nevertheless, Maria Ramersdorf must have achieved great importance in the 14th century: in 1360, a son of Emperor Ludwig of Bavaria gave the church a cross relic that Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian had received from (counter) Pope Nicholas V in Rome . It is also said that Ludwig the Bavarian is said to have carried this cross relic set in a precious hanging cross all the time. The son's identity has not been completely clarified. According to the church inventory from 1761, the relic is said to come from Duke Otto V , who donated it to the church in 1379. Today it is considered certain that Otto V still donated the cross relic as Duke of Upper Bavaria and not only after his deposition as Margrave and Elector of Brandenburg in 1373.
In the period that followed, Maria Ramersdorf really blossomed as a place of pilgrimage and grace. At the turn of the 14th to the 15th century, a late Gothic new building was erected, the size of which far exceeded that of a suitable village church and is comparable to the parish churches in Munich, especially the Old Peter . To this end, the Wittelsbach rulers set up more and more foundations and charities for the church. In 1381, Dukes Stephan , Friedrich and Johann , sons of Duke Stephan II , founded the St. Sigismund Benefice and appointed a chaplain to read the mass every day. It was not until 1384 that the bishop of Freising confirmed the mass foundation and granted an indulgence. In 1635 the 42 hostages of King Gustav Adolf of Sweden donated a votive picture to thank them for their happy return .
In 1675 it was converted to the Baroque style, which preserved the Gothic spatial structure. At the same time, the main entrance from the tower was moved to the north and south walls. This state of construction is documented by an oil painting that can be seen today in the tower chapel. In 1733 the church, especially the tower chapel, was redesigned in the Rococo style . In 1791 lightning destroyed the Gothic spire and parts of the bell chamber, so that in 1792 the tower received the onion that is characteristic to this day .
The church was restored in 1866, with the Rococo fixtures removed, especially in the tower chapel, after many votive images and representations that paid homage to an exuberant cult of saints had been removed "in the name of the Enlightenment" shortly after 1800.
With the secularization of 1803, the foundations and the spiritual property were transferred to the electoral-royal property. Nevertheless, the importance as a place of pilgrimage and grace continued. It was not until 1907, 40 years after its incorporation in Munich, that Ramersdorf had grown so much that Maria Ramersdorf was elevated to a parish church. During the Third Reich , the pilgrimage came to an almost complete standstill. It was only able to revive to a significant extent today. Maria Ramersdorf is the third most important Marian pilgrimage site in the area of the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising , especially because of its wealth of relics, after Altötting in the Diocese of Passau and Ettal .
After Maria Ramersdorf was only slightly damaged in World War II , the parish church was repaired in 1945. Extensive renovation work began in September 2014 and reopened on August 15, 2018. The renovation cost 4.9 million euros.
Furnishing
The furnishings were created around 1675. These include the high altar, the side altars on the choir arch, the choir stalls and the patronage gallery. The high altar, modified in 1860, contains the miraculous image which (according to the Dehio handbook erroneously) is attributed to Erasmus Grasser and which was previously the shrine figure of the Marian altar. The frame and the carved additions were created after dating 1866. The saints Joseph and Joachim, which were made in 1675, are shown as side figures. A painting of the Annunciation by Dominikus Schöfftlhuber serves as a predella.
The altar panel on the north side shows the martyrdom of Saint Sigismund, in the predella the sinking of Sigismund's body in the well is shown, in the upper picture the princes of the apostles. The south-facing altar panel shows the testing of the holy cross after Helena was found; in the predella the delivery of the relic of the cross to Ramersdorf is shown, in the upper picture Saint Sylvester. On the north wall of the nave are the sculptures of the former cross altar completed by Grasser in 1483 with a setting from 1864, which were installed in a shrine from 1864 and renovated in 1947. Paintings with the story of the relic of the cross, attributed to Jan Polack , can be seen on the wings .
A triumphal cross, made by the Munich court artist Christoph Angermair from Weilheim in 1626, is hung on the choir arch . Other paintings show votive pictures in the choir, including that of the 42 hostages of Gustav Adolf from 1644/1645 attributed to Matthias Kager . In the nave there is a panel painting of a protective cloak Madonna from 1503, which is also attributed to Polack and was renovated in 1624 according to an inscription; there are also late Gothic panel paintings with the saints Barbara, Margarethe and Elisabeth, Katharina, Sylvester and Wolfgang, which were put together to form inactive wings for Grasser's cross altar in 1864. The lattice, which probably dates from 1675, was framed blue-yellow according to findings.
organ
The organ was rebuilt in 1955 by Carl Schuster . It has 35 registers on three manuals and a pedal. The prospectus draft comes from Hans Miller. In 2018 the organ was restored by Orgelbau Vleugels .
Bells
The ringing consists of six bells . The four smaller bells make up the old stock: It consists of a medieval pair of bells, which was cast in 1482 by the Munich bell founder Ulrich von Rosen, and two bells from the 17th century.
The bell, cast by Johann Jakob Schorer in 1694, bears a depiction of John the Baptist and a patriarchal cross, as well as an expressive Pietà relief depicting the Mater Dolorosa .
In the 1950s, Karl Czudnochowsky from Erding added two large bells. As part of this addition, tone corrections (by grinding) were made to the four old bells, which however destroyed their musical historical value.
Over time it turned out that the ringing of the two largest bells posed a static risk to the tower and both bells had to be shut down. After ten years of silence, the yoke of the largest bell has been given upper weights and a matching counterweight clapper, so that the number of times the clapper strikes has decreased per minute, so the bell swings more slowly than before. The swing angle of the second largest bell has been reduced and a counterweight clapper has also been installed. Since then, both bells have been outside of the statically dangerous area. All bells hang on steel yokes in a two-story steel bell cage.
The clock is struck by bell 2 (quarter hours) and bell 1 (full hours). Sunday starts at 3 p.m. on Saturdays.
| No. | Surname | Casting year | Foundry, casting location |
Mass (kg) |
Percussive ( HT - 1 / 16 ) |
| 1 | Hosanna ( trinity ) | 1956 | Karl Czudnochowsky, Erding | 2565 | b 0 +3 |
| 2 | George | 1954 | Karl Czudnochowsky, Erding | 1650 | of 1 +4 |
| 3 | - | 1694 | Johann Jakob Schorer, Munich | 930 | f 1 +3 |
| 4th | Maria | 1482 | Ulrich von Rosen, Munich | 658 | as 1 +4 |
| 5 | John the Baptist | 1610 | Bartholomäus Wengle, Munich | 450 | b 1 +4 |
| 6th | Maria (death bell) | 1482 | Ulrich von Rosen, Munich | 260 | of 2 +4 |
ensemble
Maria Ramersdorf stands on a hill that was previously used as a cemetery. This area is enclosed with a cemetery conversion, which had its own former late Gothic gatehouse, now called the arched house or sacristan's house . A passion chapel was added to the inside of the cemetery wall in the 17th century. In the 18th century, an electoral hunting lodge, the Benefiziatenhaus , was built into the wall. This structural unit survived secularization . Today's overall urban planning situation essentially arose in the 1930s and is the result of National Socialist urban planning.
On the outer wall is the Kennedy fountain with a portrait of the Benedictine Father Ildephons Kennedy.
literature
- Mathias Baumgartner: Catholic parish and pilgrimage church Maria Ramersdorf Munich (short guide) . Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg i. General 2011, ISBN 978-3-89870-715-2 .
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments. Bayern IV: Munich and Upper Bavaria. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich, Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-422-03115-9 , p. 777.
- Klaus Gallas : Munich. From the Guelph foundation of Henry the Lion to the present: art, culture, history . DuMont, Cologne 1979, ISBN 3-7701-1094-3 (DuMont documents: DuMont art travel guide).
- Michael Hartig : The parish and pilgrimage church of Maria Ramersdorf. Munich . Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 1935, OCLC 312825235 (series: Small art guides / churches and monasteries).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Carmen Ick-Dietl: Munich's oldest pilgrimage church will reopen after four years. In: www.merkur.de. August 14, 2018. Retrieved August 15, 2018 .
- ↑ Kennedy-Brünnlein. Retrieved May 14, 2015
Coordinates: 48 ° 6 ′ 50.7 ″ N , 11 ° 36 ′ 54.5 ″ E