Domberg (Freising)

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Domberg Freising from the south
Toompea in winter from the northeast
Overview map of Toompea

The Domberg zu Freising is a nearly 30-meter-high elevation north of the Isar , which is a landmark of Freising that can be seen from afar . The center of the city is the Freising Cathedral , or more precisely Dom St. Maria and St. Korbinian in Freising. The former prince-bishop's residence of the Freising prince-bishops (until 1802), now Cardinal-Döpfner-Haus, forms the western end of the cathedral courtyard .

location

Inner courtyard of the Domberg with a view of the Freising Cathedral, main portal
South and north view of Toompea (around 1642)
Eastern Cathedral Gate Agilolfenturm (1479)
Former Prince-Bishop's residence , today Cardinal Döpfner House (14th century core)
Princely walk between the Prince-Bishop's Residence and Freising Cathedral
Diocesan Museum Freising with Andreasbrunnen in the foreground (1697)
The cathedral high school
Freising from the east

The Domberg and the old town - the later citizen town - form the historical city center of Freising. The lower old town borders to the north and west. The only two entrances to Toompea are through the old town from the east, the Agilolfingertor and from the west, the Chancellor's arch. The southern slope of the mountain forms the border between the Danube-Isar hill country (western part of the lower Bavarian hill country ) and the Munich gravel plain .

The Toompea is isolated from other hills and is surrounded by arms of the Moosach both in the south and in the north . The Weihenstephaner Berg rises a few hundred meters to the west . On the south side there are two viewing terraces, the Belvedere from the Baroque era and the lower-lying new terrace (on the underground car park). There is a view towards Erdinger Moos with Munich Airport located there . When the visibility is good, the view extends from the Belvedere over the Munich gravel plain to Munich and the Alps , when the foehn view of the northern Alpine chain from the Berchtesgaden Alps to the Allgäu Alps.

history

The oldest traces of human settlement were revealed by excavations on the Domberg in 1976, which unearthed ceramics and chert tools and were assigned to the early Neolithic Münchshöfen culture . Further evidence is given by extensive finds from the early Bronze Age and the Urnfield Age . Continuous settlement has not yet been proven beyond doubt, but due to the exposed scenic location of Toompea, it is highly probable. In any case, Toompea is the nucleus of today's Freising and dominated the city for centuries. On the Agilolfingian castle hill, St. Korbinian 739 the diocese and later Hochstift Freising . On April 5, 1159, the development of Toompea and parts of the city fell victim to a devastating city fire.

Due to the cathedral schools , scriptoria , libraries and other educational institutions that had existed on the Domberg for centuries , the mountain was the cultural, artistic and religious center of Old Bavaria . Probably from the 12th century (according to Karl Meichelbeck ) the mountain was nicknamed mons doctus (Latin mountain of erudition). This epoch ended with secularization, as a result of which all facilities were closed.

In order to compensate the city of Freising for the heavy losses of secularization, Ludwig I founded the seminary in the building of the former residence , the royal lyceum (from 1923 philosophical and theological college ) and a boys' seminary . The Dom-Gymnasium Freising was founded in 1828 as a royal university. Since 1964 there have been rumors about the relocation of the seminary to Munich and the associated closure of the university. The seminary was moved to Munich in 1968 and the university officially closed in 1969. Their chairs were transferred to the University of Munich . In the far west of the Domberg - on the site of the former Andreasstift - the Freising Diocesan Museum is located in the building of the former boys' college . Today only the cathedral grammar school and the educational center Kardinal-Döpfner-Haus exist.

With the secularization in Bavaria , the history of Toompea also ended as the center of a diocese. In 1821, after a few years of vacancy , the bishop's chair was moved to Munich and the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising was founded. Freising has been the seat of a regional bishop since 1972 .

Development

  • Toompea 1; Former Domherrenhof am Schöneck, now the Forestry Office, in the core of the 15th century, shortened by two floors in 1838
  • Toompea 2, 2 a; Gate tower of the east gate of the Domberg ("Agilolfenturm"), with battlements, built in 1479/80, rebuilt and expanded in 1954/55
  • Toompea 3–5; Cathedral high school . The former Philipps Castle, which was built in 1534–37 as a retirement home for Bishop Philipp of the Palatinate , and two canon courts (Waldkirch, Lehrbach) stood here. The castle was later used as a brewery and vocational school. Between 1919 and 1930 the first Pallottine seat in Freising and after the Second World War it was used as a residential building. In 1975 the largely preserved renaissance castle and the canons' courtyards had to give way to a new building for the cathedral grammar school, which is based on the old conditions in terms of building dimensions and the south facade. With that one of the most important Renaissance buildings of Freising disappeared.
  • Toompea 7; So-called. Chancellor arch, west gate of the Domberg, three-storey with arched passage, rebuilt around 1720 by Dominik Glasl , from 1764 residence of the prince-bishop chancellor.
  • Toompea 9/11; Former Herrhöfe des Stift St. Andreas , semi-detached house with hipped roof and rich plaster structure, rebuilt around 1670, reduced, expanded with ancillary buildings in the 18th century
  • Toompea 13; Former Herrnhof of St. Andreas Abbey, so-called Molitorhof, two-storey gabled house with a grated forecourt, built in 1737.
  • Toompea 14; Former Hofwagenremise, now a building stalls, stately saddle roof building with ramp, built by Jodok Moosbrugger in 1672
  • Toompea 15/17; Hiendlhof; two-winged canons' courtyard from the 18th century, with stucco ceilings.
  • Toompea 16; Former Dompropstei, now residential building, stately three-storey building with a crooked roof, the core of the 16th century
  • Toompea 19; Remainder of the facade and the roof of the Spangerhof, former canon house, 17th / 18th centuries Century with an older core
  • Toompea 20; Former Syndicate house of the cathedral chapter, with a steep gable roof and elevator dormer, in the core of the 18th century, converted into a land surveying office in 1986/87
  • Toompea 21; Former Archbishop's seminary for boys, four-wing building around atrium in the arched style, 1868–1870 by Matthias Berger , since 1974 Diocesan Museum
  • Toompea 22/24; Former Domdechantei, assembly group with east tower and baroque house chapel, at its core end of the 17th century, 1984–86 conversion to the Freising district court
  • Toompea 23; Former Archival building of St. Andreas, three-storey pavilion building, 17th century
  • Domberg 26/26 a / 26 b; Lerchenfeldhof, baroque canon court, in three wings around the inner courtyard, with stucco ceilings, 18th century; Garden with lattice from 1788.
  • Toompea 27; Former Prince-Bishop's residence , now Cardinal Döpfner House, 14th century core, with arcades in the courtyard by Stefan Rottaler in 1519, rebuilt in 1607–22, house chapel in the north-east tower set up in 1617–21, stuccoed
  • Toompea 28; St. Benedikt on the east wing of the cloister, three-aisled basilica, steeply proportioned, from 1347, glass painting early 15th century, stuccoed by Nikolaus Liechtenfurtner in 1716 ; with exhib.
  • Toompea 29; Kath. Filialkirche St. Johannes , three-aisled basilica, rebuilt 1319–21 presumably on the site of the former baptistery; with equipment; above the south aisle the prince's aisle , see Domberg 27
  • Toompea 30; Cathedral Library Freising , on the 1st floor of the chapter house built around 1440, rebuilt 1732–34; with equipment.
  • Toompea 32; Catholic Cathedral Church of the Birth of Mary and St. Korbinian , three-aisled Romanesque basilica with crypt, rebuilt after a fire in 1159 over the remains of the predecessor, consecrated in 1205, the westwork renewed at the end of the 14th century, the current interior is by the Asam brothers.
  • Toompea 34; Cathedral sacristy on two floors, lower sacristy with two aisles with red marble columns, 15th century, upper floor, 17th century
  • Toompea 38/40; Former Marstall and prince-bishop's gallery on the upper floor, 1670/71 by Johann and Jodok Moosbrugger, increased in 1877, later cathedral grammar school and philosophy-theological university Freising , now cathedral library .
  • Toompea 42; Former Prince-Bishop's official residence with tent roof, 18th century, heavily renovated around 2000.
  • Andreasbrunnen , octagonal pool of Untersberg marble , a limestone from Austria, and wells floor with Andreas on the cross, bez. 1697
  • Monument in the form of a Gothic pinnacle for Veit Arnpeck, Rupprecht von Freising and Joachim Haberstock , re. Einsele, mid 19th century
  • Pillar vase, 18th century; at the Benediktuskirche
  • Crucifix , 1867, with inscription for St. Peter's Chapel, which was demolished in 1803
  • Monument to Otto von Freising , bishop and historian, 1858 by Karl Zumbusch

Extensive renovation work will take place on Toompea on behalf of the Archdiocese from summer 2018 to probably 2023. The total of 30 individual measures has been estimated to cost 215 million euros.

Buildings no longer in existence

traffic

From the east a narrow road leads up the mountain. From the foot of the street there are also stairs leading up to the mountain that ends below the district court. The western approach is much steeper and therefore normally closed to motorized traffic. From the south there are no public roads leading to the Domberg. There is an underground car park on the southern slope, which can be reached through the Domhof. One of the two viewing terraces is located on it.

Gardens

The southern slope of the Domberg was used as a courtyard garden. In addition to fruit, vegetables and herbs, wine was grown here until the first half of the 18th century. Viticulture was probably stopped as a result of the Little Ice Age . As a result of secularization and the relocation of the bishopric to Munich (1821), the Hofgarten lost its main customers. However, it was used from 1826 to supply the seminary . After it went to Munich in 1968, the garden was largely unused. Only in the last few years have the areas been restored. The main customer is the “Kardinal-Döpfner-Haus” educational center. In 2009, vines were planted again for the first time.

literature

  • Britta von Rettberg: Freising. City topography and monument preservation . Petersberg 2009 (on Domberg especially pp. 62–65, 75–84, 104–117, 196–203).
  • Mark Bankus: The Freising Domberg and its surroundings. Investigations into prehistoric settlement . Dissertation. Publishing house Marie Leidorf, Rahden 2004, ISBN 3-89646-891-X .
  • Hermann-Joseph Busley: The history of the Freising Cathedral Chapter from its beginnings to the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries. Century . Dissertation. University of Munich, 1956.
  • Joseph A. Fischer: The Freising Cathedral. Contributions to its history. Festschrift for the 1200th anniversary of the translation of St.Corbinian . Historical Association, Freising 1967.
  • List of monuments for Freising (PDF) at the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation
  • Audio guide to the Domberg in Freising

Coordinates: 48 ° 23 ′ 57.3 "  N , 11 ° 44 ′ 44.5"  E

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Altitude information in the BayernAtlas : Freising (Hl-Geist-Spitalkirche) 443, Domberg 471
  2. ^ Sigmund Benker, Marianne Baumann-Engels: Freising. 1250 Years of the Spiritual City - Exhibition in the Diocesan Museum and in the historic rooms of the Domberg in Freising, June 10 to November 19, 1989 . Wewel Verlag, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-87904-162-8 , p. 58 ff., 122 ff .
  3. ^ The state philosophical-theological universities in Bavaria from 1923 to 1978; Dissertation; Ingo Schröder; Munich 2004 (PDF; 1.3 MB)
  4. ^ Sigmund Benker: The castle of Bishop Philipp. In: Hubert Glaser (ed.): Domberg and Philipps-Schloß. Preservation or destruction. A memorandum. Freising 1972, pp. 15-19; Britta von Rettberg: Freising. City topography and monument preservation . Petersberg 2009, pp. 196-203.
  5. ↑ Petra Schnirch: For 215 million euros: Archdiocese redesigned Domberg. In: www.sueddeutsche.de. June 13, 2018, accessed June 13, 2018 .
  6. ^ Cardinal Döpfner House Education Center
  7. ↑ The vineyard never sleeps. Gernot Anders in August 2015

Web links

Commons : Category: Domberg (Freising)  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files