List of Celtic gods and legendary figures
The list of Celtic gods and legendary figures is intended to show the deities of the ancient Celts as well as the most important figures from the Celtic legends of Ireland and Britain recorded in the early Middle Ages , which are often also based on ancient Celtic deities. Despite the linguistic division into Gaulish and British , Cymrian and Breton as well as Gaelic , a clear separation is not always possible. The aim was to use the most widespread variant in the literature for the different spellings of the names.
Male deities and legendary figures
Mainland Celtic and Britannia (Gaulish and British)
Location: (a) Mainland Celticum (excluding Brittany ), (b) Britain (excluding Wales ), (c) Mainland Celticum and Britain
Today: A ( Austria ), B ( Belgium ), BR Britain , CH ( Switzerland ), D ( Germany ), F ( France ), I ( Italy ), KR ( Croatia ), L ( Luxembourg ), NL ( Netherlands ), P ( Portugal ), R ( Romania ), SL ( Slovenia ), SP ( Spain ), TR ( Turkey ), U ( Hungary )
| Surname | place | today | function | annotation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abellio | (a) Aquitaine | F. | Gallo-Roman deity | see Afallach and Avalon |
| Abianus | (a) Provence | F. | Local deity | see Abhcan |
| Accorus | (a) Provence | F. | Local deity | - |
| Alator | (b) England | BR | War or healing deity | - |
| Alum | (a) South Gaul , Norikum | A / D / F | Tribal deity | Main god of the Alauni ( Noriker ) |
| Albiorix | (a) Maritime Alps | F / I | Tribal deity of Albiorigi | - |
| Alisanus | (a) Burgundy | F. | Rock, forest, river deity | see Alesia |
| Alus | (a) Northern Italy | I. | Fertility deity | - |
| Amarcolitanus | (a) Gaul | F. | Healing deity (?) | in connection with Grannus and Mogon |
| Andossus | (a) Pyrenees , Basque Country | F / SP | Deity of war | - |
| Anextlomarus | (c) Celticum | CH / BR / F | Healing deity (?) | Nickname Apollons |
| Antenociticus | (b) Britain | BR | british deity | venerated at Hadrian's Wall |
| Arecurius | (b) Cumbria | BR | Romano-British deity | venerated at Hadrian's Wall |
| Artaios | (a) South Gaul | F. | Bear deity | see Artur |
| Arubianus | (a) South Gaul , Norikum | A / F / SL | Plowman deity | - |
| Arvalus | (c) Celticum and Britain | BR / F | Healing and agriculture deity | - |
| Arvernus | (a) Lower Germany | D / F / NL | Trade and travel deity | - |
| Atepomaros | (a) Lugdunum | F. | City deity or hero | - |
| Atesmerius | (a) Gaul | F. | (Tribal) deity, also Adsmerius | see also Atesmerta |
| Baeserta | (a) South Gaul | F. | Deity | - |
| Baigorixus | (a) Pyrenees , Basque Country | F. | Deity | - |
| Baldruus | (a) Lower Germany | NL | name mentioned only once | disputed by recent research |
| Bandiaeapolosegus | (a) Lusitania | P | Deity | - |
| Barinthus | (c) Gaul / Britannia | B / BR / F | Nickname of Manannan mac Lir | - |
| Barrex | (b) Hadrian's Wall | BR | local (soldier) deity | Nickname of Mars |
| Bedaius | (a) Chiemgau | D. | Sea deity | - |
| Belatucadros | (b) Cumbria | BR | Deity of war | venerated at Hadrian's Wall |
| Belenus | (a) South Celticum | A / D / F / I | Healing and spring deity | see Belisama , Beli Mawr , Bile |
| Bolvinnus | (a) Gaul | F. | Source deity (?) | - |
| Bormo | (a) Gaul | F. | Healing and spring deity | see Bormana |
| Braciaca | (b) Derbyshire | BR | (Beer -?) Deity | Nickname of Mars |
| Brasennus | (a) Brescia | I. | Deity | - |
| Britus | (a) South Gaul | F. | War and tribal deity | see Britain |
| Briganitius | (c) Celticum and Britain | B / BR / F / I | little mentioned name | see Brigantia |
| Budenicus | (a) Gaul | F. | Local deity | Nickname of Mars |
| Bugius | (a) Gaul | B / F | Deity of healing springs | see also Cranus and Intarabus |
| Bussumarius | (a) East Celticum / Galatia | R / TR | Sun and tribal deity | - |
| Buxenus | (a) Gaul | F. | Local deity | Nickname of Mars |
| Callirius | (b) Colchester | BR | Deity of the forest | - |
| Camulos | (c) Celticum and Britain | B / BR / D | Deity of war | see Camal |
| Caratacus | (b) Britain | BR | King of Britain | Opponent of the Romans |
| Carpentus | (a) Haute-Garonne | F. | Craft and war deity | see Coirpre |
| Cassivellaunus | (b) Britannia | BR | historical / mythical ruler | also Caswallawn ( Wales ) |
| Caturix | (a) Mittelland (Switzerland) | CH | War and tribal deity | Main god of the Helvetii |
| Cernunnos | (c) Celticum and Britain | BR / I / R / SP | Nature and fertility deity | Main god of the Carnutes |
| Cicollus | (a) Gaul | CH / F | Deity of war | see Cichol Gri-cenchos |
| Cissonius | (a) West Celticum | CH / D / F | Trade and travel deity | see Matunus |
| Cnabetius | (a) Northwest Gaul | D. | Deity of war | - |
| Cobannus | (a) Gaul | CH / F | Blacksmith deity, also Gobanos | see Govannon and Goibniu |
| Cocidius | (b) Northern Britain | BR | Deity of war | equated with Teutates |
| Coel | (b) Northern Britain & Wales | BR | historical / mythical king | also in Wales |
| Condatis | (b) Yorkshire | BR | River deity | - |
| Corotiacus | (b) Suffolk | BR | Local deity | Nickname of Mars |
| Cososus | (a) Gaul | F. | Local deity | Nickname of Mars |
| Cranus | (b) Norfolk | BR | Nature and fertility deity | see also Bugius and Intarabus |
| Cucullatus | (c) Celticum and Britain | A / BR / D / F | Guardian spirit , hooded demon | see Telesphoros |
| Danuvius | (a) Eastern Celticum | A / D / KR / U | River deity | in Raetia , Noricum and Pannonia |
| Dinomogetimarus | (a) Gaul | F. | Local deity | Nickname of Mars , see Divanno |
| Divanno | (a) Gaul | F. | Local deity | Nickname of Mars , see Dinomogetimarus |
| Dumiatis | (a) Gaul | F. | Local deity of the Puy-de-Dôme | Surname of Mercurius |
| Erriapus | (a) Gaul | F. | Nature and fertility deity | - |
| Esus | (a) Gaul | F. | Trade and travel deity | see Easar |
| Eudaf Hen | (b) Britain | BR | mythical / historical king | also in Wales |
| Galates | (a) Celticum | H | Tribal deity | Eponymous hero of the Galatians |
| Gebrinius | (a) Bonn | D. | Celtic / Germanic (?) God | - |
| Glanis | (a) Gaul | F. | City deity | Patron god of Glanum ( Saint Rémy ) |
| Grannus | (c) Celticum and Britain | BR / D / F / SP | Healing deity | see Gráinne |
| Intarabus | (a) Northern Celticum | B, D, F, L | Local and tribal deity | Tribal god of the Treveri |
| Iovantucarus | (a) Trier | D. | Youth deity | Treverer , see also Vassocaletis |
| Latobius | (a) Noricum | A. | God of salvation, shepherds and the dead | also Latovius, nickname of Mars |
| Leherennus | (a) Gaul | F. | Local deity | Nickname of Mars |
| Lenus | (c) Celticum and Britain | BR / D | God of war | see Ocelus and Vellaunus |
| Leucetius | (a) Gaul | D. | Deity of war | Tribal god of the Treveri and Vangions |
| Lugus | (c) Celticum and Britain | B / BR / D / F / NL / SP | Main deity | see Lugh and Llew |
| Mandubracius | (b) Britannia | BR | historical / mythical ruler | also Afarwy ( Wales ) |
| Maponos | (c) Celticum and Britain | BR / F | Hunt and youth deity | see Mabon |
| Matunus | (b) Northumberland | BR | Bear deity | Inscription at Rochester (Northumberland) |
| Medocius | (b) Essex | BR | Battle deity | Inscription at Camulodunum |
| Meduris | (a) Rome , Alsace | F / I | unknown god | Inscriptions with Teutates |
| Moccus | (a) Gaul | F. | Hunting and tribal deity | Inscription at Langres ( Lingonen ) |
| Mogetius | (a) Celticum | A / F | Local deity | Nickname of Mars |
| Mogon | (a) Mainz | D. | City deity | God of Mogontiacum |
| Moltinus | (a) Celticum | A / F | Fertility deity | also chthonic god |
| Moritasgus | (a) Gaul | F. | Healing deity | Nickname of Apollo |
| Mullo | (a) Gaul | F. | Healing deity | - |
| Nabelcus | (a) Gaul | F. | Local deity | Nickname of Mars |
| Neto | (a) Cadix (Tarn) and Trujillo | SP | Celtiberian deity of war | see Neit |
| Nodons | (b) Gloucestershire | BR | Healing, water, and dog divinity | see Nuada |
| Ocelus | (b) Wales | BR | Local deity | Nickname of Mars , see Lenus , Vellaunus |
| Ogmios | (c) Celticum and Britain | A / F | Deity of eloquence | see grandma |
| Olloudius | (c) Celticum and Britain | BR / F | Local deity | Nickname of Mars |
| Poeninus | (a) Great St. Bernhard | CH / I | Mountain deity | God of the Sedunians |
| Rhenus | (a) Rhine Valley | CH / D / F / NL | River deity | - |
| Rigisamus | (c) Celticum and Britain | BR / F | local protective deity (?) | - |
| Rudianus | (a) South Gaul | F. | Deity of war | - |
| Rudiobus | (a) Gaul | F. | Local horses - (?) Deity | - |
| Segomo | (a) South Gaul | F. | Deity of war | - |
| Selkie | (b) Northern Scotland | BR | Marine creatures | transform from seals into humans |
| Smertrios | (a) Celticum | A / F | Protective deity | see Nautae Parisiaci |
| Sucellus | (a) Gaul | CH / D | Forest, fertility deity | see Nantosvelta |
| Sutugius | (a) Gaul | FR | Local deity | - |
| Taranis | (c) Celticum and Britain | BR / D / F / CH / KR | Heaven and thunder deity | - |
| Tarvos Trigaranus | (a) Gaul | F. | Bull deity | - |
| Telesphoros | (a) Gaul / Galatia | FR / TR | Healing deity | see Genius cucullatus |
| Teutates | (c) Celticum and Britain | BR / D / F / U | Main tribal deity | - |
| Tridamus | (b) Herefordshire | BR | questionable (cattle) deity | possibly inscription reading errors |
| Ucuetis | (a) Gaul | F. | Craft deity | Bergusia partner |
| Uxellus | (a) Celticum | F / SL | Mountain or father deity (?) | also Uxellinus |
| Vasegus | (a) Lusitania | P | Deity | - |
| Vassocaletis | (a) Gaul | D / F | Tribal and youth deity | Treverer and Arverner (see also Iovantucarus ) |
| Vellaunus | (c) Celticum and Britain | BR / F | local deity | Nickname of Mars , see Lenus , Ocelus |
| Veteris | (b) Hadrian's Wall | BR | local legionnaire deity | - |
| Vindonnus | (a) Burgundy | F. | Healing and sun deity | - |
| Visucius | (a) Celticum | D / F / SP | Healing, tribal deity (?) | also Visugius and (incorrectly) Visuclus |
| Voroicus | (a) Gaul | F. | Local deity | at Vichy |
| Vosegus | (a) Gaul | D / F | Forest and hunting deity | in Vosges and Wasgau |
Wales and Brittany (Cymric and Breton)
Ireland and Isle of Man (Gaelic)
Belongs to: Túatha = Túatha Dé Danann
Female deities and legendary figures
Mainland Celtic and Britannia (Gaulish and British)
Location: (a) Mainland Celticum (excluding Brittany ), (b) Britain (excluding Wales ), (c) Mainland Celticum and Britain
Today: A ( Austria ), B ( Belgium ), BR Britain , CH ( Switzerland ), F ( France ), I ( Italy ), KR ( Croatia ), L ( Luxembourg ), NL ( Netherlands ), P ( Portugal ), R ( Romania ), SL ( Slovenia ), SP ( Spain ), TR ( Turkey ), U ( Hungary )
| Surname | place | today | function | annotation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abnoba | (a) Black Forest | D. | Forest, spring and mother goddess | - |
| Adsalluta | (a) Noricum | SL | River goddess, goddess of the rapids | - |
| Aericura | (a) Celticum | A / B / D / F / I | Goddess of fertility and the dead | see Arecurius |
| Ancamna | (a) Moselle valley | D / L | Water, spring, tribal goddess | see Treverer |
| Andarta | (b) Britain | BR | Goddess of victory and war | see Artaius |
| Andraste | (b) Britain | BR | Goddess of victory and war | see Boudicca |
| Annea | (a) Piedmont | I. | local mother goddess | see Anu |
| Ansotica | (a) Nin and Zadar | KR | Liburnian goddess of love | - |
| Arduinna | (a) Ardennes | B / F / L | Forest goddess | - |
| Arnemetia | (b) Derbyshire | BR | Goddess of healing | also Arnomecta |
| Artio | (a) Muri near Bern | CH | Bear goddess | see Andarta |
| Atesmerta | (a) Haute-Marne department | F. | Local deity | see also Atesmerius |
| Aventia | (a) Avenches | CH | local source goddess | see Aventicum |
| Bandua | (a) Lusitania | P / SP | local goddess | also in Galicia |
| Belisama | (c) Celticum and Britain | BR / F | Water and craft goddess | see Belenus |
| Bergusia | (a) Gaul | F. | Fertility goddess (?) | Ucuetis partner |
| Brigantia | (c) Celticum and Britain | B / BR / F | Tribal goddess of the brigands | see Brigid |
| Cathubodua | (a) Gaul | F. | Goddess of war | also Cassibodua, see Badb |
| Coventina | (b) Britain | BR | Goddess of healing and source | venerated at Hadrian's Wall |
| Damona | (a) Gaul | F. | Goddess of healing | see Bormo |
| Dealgnait | (b) Britain | BR | Fertility or death goddess | Local deity of Deal (Kent) |
| Elen Luyddawg | (b) Britain | BR | Legendary figure | Daughter of Eudaf Hens , s. a. Chapter "Wales" |
| Epona | (a) Celticum | A / B / D / F / I | Goddess of horses and fertility | - |
| Icauna | (a) Gaul | F. | Local deity | River goddess of the Yonne |
| Inciona | (a) Gaul | L. | Local deity | - |
| Litavis | (a) Lingons | F. | Tribal goddess | see Cicollus |
| Maesama | (c) Walheim / Germania superior | D. | Local deity | possibly related to the cult of the Matres (matrons) |
| Matronae | (a) Celticum | D / F / I | Gallo-Roman mother goddesses | as the trinity of matrices or matrices |
| Matronae Vacallinehae | (a) Eifel | D. | Mother goddesses , matronae | in the temple district of Pesch |
| Matrona | (a) Gallia Belgica | F. | River deity of the Marne | | |
| Meduna | (a) Celticum | D / SP | Goddess of honey wine ( mead ) | see Medb |
| Nantosuelta | (a) Gaul | D / F | Forest and fertility goddess | see Sucellus |
| Nemetona | (a) Gaul | D / F | Tribal goddess and victory | see Loucetius |
| Noreia | (a) Noricum | A. | Mother , mining and country goddess | - |
| Onomaris | (a) Balkans | ? | fabulous queen | - |
| Rigani | (a) Celticum | B / D / F | Heaven and mother goddess | see Cernunnos |
| Ritona | (a) Gaul | D. | Water and ford goddess | the Saar near Trier |
| Rosmerta | (a) Gaul | D / F | Goddess of prosperity | - |
| Rotona | (a) Celticum | - | Goddess of hunting and nature | - |
| Sequana | (a) Burgundy | F. | Goddess of healing and source | River goddess of the Seine |
| Sirona | (a) Celticum | A / D / F / I | Fertility, source and healing goddess | see Grannus |
| Suleviae | (c) Celticum and Britain | A / B / BR / CH / D / F / I | Group of house goddesses | - |
| Sulis | (b) Britain | BR | Goddess of healing from Aquae Sulis ( Bath ) | - |
| Souconna | (a) Burgundy | F. | River goddess of the Saône | - |
| Verbeia | (b) Britain | BR | River goddess of the Wharfe | |
| Vercana | (a) Gaul | D. | possibly source goddess | Celtic / Germanic, see Meduna |
| Vibes | (a) Noricum | A. | Source deities | similar to the Greek naiads |
| Visucia | (a) Baden-Württemberg | D. | Local goddess | Companion of Visucius |
| Xana | (a) Northern Spain | SP | Source nymph | - |
Wales and Brittany (Cymric and Breton)
Ireland and Isle of Man (Gaelic)
See also
- List of island celtic myths and legends
- Celtic deities
- Celtic religion
- Celtic mythology
- Celtic otherworld
- Celtic annual cycle
- Celtic women
- List of deities in the Asterix comics
literature
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- Helmut Birkhan: Post-ancient Celtic reception. Praesens Verlag, Vienna 2009, ISBN 978-3-7069-0541-1 .
- Helmut Birkhan: Celtic stories from the emperor Arthur. Part 1, Lit-Verlag, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-8258-7562-8 .
- Helmut Birkhan: Celtic stories from the emperor Arthur. Part 2, Lit-Verlag, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-8258-7563-6 .
- Sylvia & Paul F. Botheroyd: Lexicon of Celtic Mythology. Tosa Verlag, Vienna 2004.
- Ingeborg Clarus : Celtic Myths. Man and his otherworld. Walter Verlag 1991, ppb edition Patmos Verlag, Düsseldorf, 2000, 2nd edition, ISBN 3-491-69109-5 .
- Barry Cunliffe : The Celts and Their History. 7th edition, Gustav Lübbe Verlag, Bergisch Gladbach 2000.
- Myles Dillon, Nora Kershaw Chadwick : The Celts. From the prehistory to the Norman invasion . Parkland-Verlag, Cologne 2004 (first 1966), ISBN 3-89340-058-3 (Kindlers Kulturgeschichte).
- Peter Berresford Ellis : Dictionary of Celtic Mythology .ABC-Clio 1992, ISBN 978-0-87436-609-9 .
- Miranda J. Green: Dictionary of Celtic Myth and Legend . Thames & Hudson 1997, ISBN 978-0-500-27975-5 .
- Miranda J. Green: The Gods of the Celts . Sutton Publishing, Stoud 1997, ISBN 0-7509-3479-4 .
- Miranda Green: Symbol and Image in Celtic Religious Art. Routledge Chapman & Hall 1992, ISBN 978-0-415-08076-7 .
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- Wolfgang Meid: The Celts. Reclams Universal Library , Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-15-017053-3 .
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- Patricia Monaghan: The Encyclopedia Celtic Mythology and Folklore. Facts On File, New York 2004, ISBN 0-8160-4524-0 .
- Joseph F. Nagy: Celtic Religion. History of Study. In: Lindsay Jones (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Religion , 2nd A., Vol. 3 (2005), ISBN 0-02-865736-5 .
- Garrett S. Olmsted: The Gods of the Celts and the Indo-Europeans. Innsbruck 1994. ISBN 3-85124-173-8 .
- Patrick Sims-Williams: The Celtic Inscriptions of Britain: phonology and chronology. c.400-1200 Oxford: Blackwell, 2003, ISBN 1-4051-0903-3 .
- Rudolf Thurneysen : The Irish hero and king saga up to the seventeenth century. Hall 1921.
- Jan de Vries : Celtic Religion. Stuttgart 1961 / Reprint Edition Amalia, Bern 2006, ISBN 3-905581-20-5 .
- I.Williams: Pedeir Keinc y Mabinogi allan o Lyfr Gwyn Rhydderch. Caerdydd 1951, translated by Martin Buber : The four branches of Mabinogi. Insel-Bücherei Nr. 886, Frankfurt / M. 1966.