Suleviae

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The Suleviae or Suleiviae are a group of goddesses who were worshiped by the Celts . About 40 epigraphic records of them are known, especially in eastern Gaul , in the provinces of Gallia Belgica , Germania inferior , Germania superior , but also in Britain , Noricum and a large number in Rome . The Suleviae are associated with the Matres (matrons) and are also seen as sun and healing goddesses as well as mother and land goddesses.

Adoration

Among the Helvetians the formula “his Suleviae” was common and once in Rome “my Suleviae”, which suggests personal protective goddesses. They are also called "his domestic Suleviae", sisters or mothers. All of this indicates a familial familiarity of the goddesses. Sometimes they have nicknames like "Iunonibus" (after the Roman goddess Iuno ) or "Atumarae".

In a South Gaulish inscription only a single Sulevia appears, which was equated with the Roman goddess Minerva , while the goddess Minerva Sul was worshiped in the Roman spa Aquae Sulis (today: Bath , England) . An inscription from the same place is interesting because it was donated by the sculptor Sulinus to the Suleviae.

etymology

The name Suleviae is probably related to the goddess Sulis (possibly as a plural form) and the Irish word súil ("eye"). Suleviae could also go back to the regular plural form of a u-stem * Sûleu̯es , more likely it is based on the plural form of the i-stem * Sûlei̯es , which appears in Gallo-Roman pronunciation and orthography as Sulevis .

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Helmut Birkhan: Celts. Attempt at a complete representation of their culture. Pp. 581 f, 618, 624.
  2. ↑ Helmut Birkhan: Celts. Attempt at a complete representation of their culture. P. 513.
  3. ↑ CIL XIII, 5027 Lausanne ( Lousonna , Roman province Germania superior: Banira et Doninda e [t] / Daedalus et Tato Icari fil / i (i) Suleis suis qui (!) Curam / vestra (m) agunt ide <m = N > / Cappo Icari l (ibertus) ;
    CIL XIII, 11499 Solothurn ( Salodurum , Roman province Germania superior): T (itus) Cr (assicius) Paettusi / us et Cr (assicius) Magi / us / Suleis suis / v (otum) s (olverunt) l (ibentes) m (erito)
  4. ↑ CIL VI, 31161 Rome ( Roma ): Dedi (catum) XIII K [al (endas) 3] as / Apro et Maximo co (n) s (ulibus) / pro sal (ute) Impp (eratorum) nn (ostrorum) Augg (ustorum) / Matribus paternis / et maternis meisque / Sulevis Candidini / us Saturninus dec (urio) / eq (uitum) s (ingularium) Impp (eratorum) nn (ostrorum) / voto libens posui
  5. ↑ CIL XIII, 12056 Cologne ( Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium , Roman province Germania inferior): Sule [v] is Do / mest [i] cis su / is Fab [i] Ianua / rius [et] Bella / tor [et] Iullus / l (ibentes) [l (aeti)] m (erito)
  6. ↑ CIL XIII, 11740 Ladenburg ( Lopodunum , Roman province Germania superior): Sulevis so / roribus L (ucius) / Gallionius Ianuar (ius) / dec (urio) al (ae) I Cannanef (atium) / v (otum) s ( olvit) l (ibens) l (aetus) m (erito)
  7. ↑ MATRIBVS SVLEVIS: The Roman Inscriptions of Britain (RIB) [1] - CIL VI, 31171
  8. ↑ CIL XIII, 3561 Rinxent ( Département Pas-de-Calais , Roman province Gallia Belgica): Sulevis Iuno / nibus sacr (um) / L (ucius) Cas (sius) Nigri / n [ianus (?) Pro] / se [ 3]
  9. ↑ CIL XIII, 11477 Avenches ( Aventicum , Roman province Germania superior): Suleis At / umarae D [3] / [3] Aposule [3] / [3] tia AL [3] / [3] tia [
  10. ↑ a b Bernhard Maier: Lexicon of the Celtic religion and culture . P. 303.
  11. ↑ CIL XII, 2974 Collias (Roman province Gallia Narbonensis ): ] / Suleviae / Edennicae / Minervae / votum
  12. ↑ The Roman Inscriptions of Britain (RIB) [2]
  13. ↑ Helmut Birkhan: Celts. Attempt at a complete representation of their culture. P. 581, note 4 (spelling corrected from Info Birkhan of December 15, 2012).