Bedaium

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Reconstruction of the Roman BEDAIVM-Seebruck
Reconstructed wall of the late Roman fort

Bedaium (also Bedaio and Bidaio ) is the ancient name of Seebruck in what is now Bavaria in Chiemgau . The settlement was founded on the important east-west trunk road between Iuvavum ( Salzburg ) and Augusta Vindelicorum ( Augsburg ). The bridge was directly at the exit of the Alz from the Chiemsee .

history

The place appears with different names in ancient works. Claudius Ptolemy calls him Bedakon or Badakon . In the Itinerarium Antonini he appears as Bidaio and in the Tabula Peutingeriana as Bedaio . The name Bedaium is mentioned on milestones in the vicinity of the place , so that the identification seems certain.

Through various excavations one can get a relatively good picture of the ancient settlement. Dendrochronological data from a timber structure from an excavation in 1986/87 suggest that the settlement already existed around the year 1. The first settlement on the left side of the Alz probably consisted mainly of wooden buildings. A second settlement center on the other side of the Alz did not emerge until around 100 AD. As early as the first century, the wooden buildings were replaced by those made of stone. A bathing facility was also built. From inscriptions it can be assumed that there was also a beneficiary station on site .

The cult of the god Bedaius played a special role in the place , which so far has only been documented in the vicinity of the place and in the place itself on consecration stones . Nothing is known about its appearance, its function and the exact location of its sanctuary, but the site of Bedaium seems to have gained supraregional importance through this sanctuary, which is proven above all by the numerous consecration stones in honor of this deity.

A necropolis with 250 urn graves and 6 body burials was excavated around 400 meters east of the actual place between 1972 and 1974. It is considered to be the best excavated and documented in the entire region. The burials date from the Flavian period to the end of the third century. They mainly contained ceramics. Terra Sigillata is well attested. Bowls were particularly numerous here. Glass vessels were also popular additions. Brooches occur in various graves. Other additions such as weapons are sporadically attested. Coins were found in 20 graves

From around 230 AD the area around Bedaium was repeatedly ravaged by Germanic incursions. The decline of the civil settlement began, which was about 100 × 400 meters (left side of the Alz) and about 100 × 100 meters (right side of the Alz) of considerable dimensions. A small fort was finally built around 300 AD , which formed a square with a side length of 26 meters. Outside the fort, a small civil settlement seems to have existed until around 350 AD . After that, the population apparently withdrew to the fort. After 400 the place seems to have been completely abandoned. So far there is no evidence of settlement continuity into the Middle Ages.

See also

Web links

Commons : Bedaium  - collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

  • Silke Burmeister: Seebruck, Gde. Seeon-Seebruck-Truchtlaching, district of Traunstein, Obb. Roman civil settlement. In: Wolfgang Czysz u. a .: The Romans in Bavaria. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-11-6 , p. 515 f.
  • Wolfgang Czysz , Erwin Keller : Bedaium, Seebruck in Roman times. Munich 1981 (extended edition).
  • Peter Fasold : The Roman-Noric burial ground of Seebruck-Bedaium. Kallmünz 1993 ( material booklets for Bavarian prehistory 64 ).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Bernd Steidl : Bedaium - Seebruck; Sanctuary and street vicus on the territory of the municipium Claudium Iuvavum . In: Conference in the Salzburg Museum, March 15 to 17, 2012. Ed. by Felix Lang, Raimund Kastler, Wilfried K. Kovacsovics and Stefan Traxler. Salzburg 2014. (Ed.): Colloquium Iuvanum 2012. The municipium Claudium Iuvavum and its surroundings. Inventory and research strategies . tape 56 | Conference proceedings Colloquium Iuvanum 2012. Salzburg Museum, Salzburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-900088-61-3 , p. 277-94; 279 .
  2. ↑ CIL 03, 5575 , CIL 03, 5580
  3. ↑ CIL 03, 05581 (p 2328,201) , CIL 03, 05572 , CIL 03, 05574 , CIL 03, 05580 , CIL 03, 11778 .
  4. ↑ Wolfgang Klestil: Roman grave fields of the 1st to 3rd centuries. in Noricum diploma thesis, Vienna 2013, pp. 111, 239–254, plates 97–117. on-line

Coordinates: 47 ° 56 '  N , 12 ° 29'  E