Bergamasca

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The Bergamasca (also Bergamasco , Bergamesca and Bergamascha ) is a duple, faster, rural and often humorous -sounding dance whose name to the northern Italian city of Bergamo back.

First mentions go back to the 16th century, they have come down to us in Italian, English, French and German manuscripts. A first musical example can be found in 1564 in Il terzo libro de intabolatura di liuto by Giacomo Gorzanis or a little later in 1569 by Filippo Azzaiolo . With William Shakespeare it appears in his Midsummer Night's Dream , in which a Bergomask is danced in the 5th act .

In the 17th century - among others - a certain melody of the "Bergamasca" became particularly typical, the composers like Lodovico Grossi da Viadana , Salomone Rossi , Marco Uccellini , Gasparo Zanetti , Samuel Scheidt , Gregorio Strozzi , Dietrich Buxtehude , Giovanni Battista Vitali and Valentin Use Rathgeber . Composers such as Girolamo Frescobaldi (1635) or Giovanni Battista Fasolo (1645) composed complex contrapuntal bergamascans that clearly leave the realm of dance music.

Further examples can be found in many guitar or lute tabs from the late 16th and 17th centuries, for example in a manuscript with French tablature from 1615 created by Joachim van den Hove.

Johann Sebastian Bach used the theme in the final Quodlibet of the Goldberg Variations , known at the time as the hit song " Herbs and beets drove me away ".

In the 19th century, “Bergamasca” was understood to be a tarantella- like dance in 6/8 time with an emphasis on the second part of the time. In Ottorino Respighi's 2nd suite of the Antiche danze ed arie per liuto from 1923, a free orchestral arrangement of lute pieces from the 16th and 17th centuries, there is a Bergamasca printed in 1650 by Bernardo Gianoncelli .

The name of Claude Debussy's well-known suite bergamasque , like the Bergamasca by Alfredo Piatti , does not refer to the dance form, but to the city of Bergamo.

literature

  • Carl Dahlhaus, Hans Heinrich Eggebrecht (Eds.): Brockhaus Riemann Musiklexikon , Vol. 1, Schott Mainz, Piper Munich, 3rd edition 1989, ISBN 3-7957-8301-1

Individual proof

  1. ^ Adalbert Quadt : Lute music from the Renaissance. According to tablature ed. by Adalbert Quadt. Volume 1 ff. Deutscher Verlag für Musik, Leipzig 1967 ff .; 4th edition, ibid. 1968, Volume 2, pp. 53 and 65.

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