Mountain ranges

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The mountain rows (of MHG. Ree "Dance (song), dance", also Berglied , Berg song ) is a form of sized spiritual or secular folk song of miners . The term has been attested since the 16th century , although the tradition goes back further.

history

Origin and tradition

The home of the mountain ranges are Thuringia , Saxony , Bohemia and Styria . He was originally a dance of the miners, who were dancing to a choral song. Its tradition can be traced back to the High Middle Ages , Bohemian legends such as the Rübezahl myth find their way into topics such as the daily experiences of workers in ore and coal mining, which was characterized by frequent dangers to life and health.

The mountain series is banned from Goslar as the Long Dance in 1536 because of its class origin. Since the time of the Reformation , the first sacred texts have been composed as parodies of the existing melodies.

distribution

Especially in times of economic crisis, miners were forced to earn their living as wandering Bergreyer (after Johann Fischart , 1572) or "Bergsinger". They performed their songs at trade fairs in towns and villages in the mining regions. The Steigerlied ("Glück auf, Glück auf, der Steiger comes"), known in Germany to the present day, has been documented in this context since 1531 in the first surviving print of Bergreihen in the Zwickau collection. Some pretty mountain scouts, spiritual and secular from 1531, the inside was reissued several times in the following years and spread to Nuremberg .

With the flourishing of the mining industry between 1750 and 1850, the mountain ranges also flourished. About half of the known songs come from the Ore Mountains . The first collections were mostly anonymous, until the middle of the 19th century they were published as collections of secular songs by miners, by clergy from the mining areas as collections of sacred songs, including the so-called miner's chorales.

After that, the shape of the mountain series was especially adopted by mountain officials from the early workers' poetry z. B. further developed by Karl Bröger to the literary genre of the miner's song. Above all, with the beginning of industrialization , the authors wanted to counteract the dissolution of mining traditions due to the labor migration at the time - for which they also tried to re-establish the term Bergreihen - but they did not succeed; the term Bergmannslied , coined by Johann Gottfried Herder , prevailed. Up into the 21st century, the revitalization of the mountain ranges remained a task for interested associations that no longer belong to the professional community of miners.

Resonance in music and poetry

The mountain range was also taken up in art, e.g. B. in the four-part arrangement Musicalische Bergreihen by Melchior Franck , which is still available in print today. Achim von Arnim added a mountain series text to the folk song collection Des Knaben Wunderhorn .

literature

  • Ludwig Denecke: A mountain range of the 16th century . In: Yearbook for Folk Song Research . 31st year 1986, pp. 29-32.
  • Martin Geck , Antoinette Hellkuhl: Bergmannslieder (= music in the Ruhr area , vol. 3). Klett, Stuttgart 1984, ISBN 3-12-177520-0 .
  • Gerhard Heilfurth: The Erzgebirge miner's song. An outline of its literary history . (Dissertation) Schwarzenberg 1936 (reprinted Frankfurt am Main 1982, ISBN 3-8035-1180-1 ).
  • Gerhard Heilfurth: The miner's song. Essence, life, function. A contribution to illuminating the existence and transformation of the socio-cultural elements in the construction of industrial society . Kassel 1954.
  • Günther and Irmgard Schweikle (eds.): Metzler Literature Lexicon. Metzler, Stuttgart 1984, ISBN 3-476-00560-7 , p. 44.
  • Wolfram Steude, Kurt Gudewill:  Mountain Rows. In: Ludwig Finscher (Hrsg.): The music in past and present . Second edition, subject part, volume 1 (Aachen - Bogen). Bärenreiter / Metzler, Kassel et al. 1994, ISBN 3-7618-1102-0  ( online edition , subscription required for full access)
  • Kurt Wassermann: The origin of the motifs in the secular mountain ranges . (Dissertation) Halle-Wittenberg 1930.

Web links

Wiktionary: Bergreihen  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

swell

  1. ↑ a b mountain ranges . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 2, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 745.
  2. ↑ Gero von Wilpert : Specialized Dictionary of Literature (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 231). 6th, improved and enlarged edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 1979, ISBN 3-520-23106-9 , p. 81.
  3. ↑ See also key words reie , reien . In: Matthias Lexer : Middle High German pocket dictionary in the last edition . 3. Edition. Leipzig 1885, p. 195 ( digitized version ).
  4. ↑ Barbara von Wulffen: The natural entrance in Minnesang and early folk song . Munich 1963, p. 8 f.
  5. ^ Karl Christian Wilhelm Kolbe (Ed.): New Berg-Reien-Buch . Leipzig 1802 ( digitized version ), 2nd edition 1830/31 ( urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10706306-0 ; urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10706305-5 ); Moritz Döring (Ed.): Sächsische Bergreyhen . 2 volumes. Grimma 1839/40 ( urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10706299-9 ; urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10706300-8 )
  6. ↑ by Achim von Arnim in Des Knaben Wunderhorn : Bergreihen von Nürnberg (1547) in the Gutenberg-DE project
  7. ↑ Karl Bode: The processing of the templates in the Knaben Wunderhorn . (Dissertation) Berlin 1909. p. 32.