Berkelium (III) fluoride

Crystal structure
	__ Bk 3+ __ F -
Crystal system	orthorhombic
Lattice parameters	a = 670 pm ; b = 709 pm ; c = 441 pm
Coordination numbers	Bk [9], F [3]
General
Surname	Berkelium (III) fluoride
other names	Berkelium trifluoride
Ratio formula	BkF 3
Brief description	yellow-green solid
External identifiers / databases
Wikidata	Q820870
properties
Molar mass	304.07 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	9.70 g cm −3
Hazard and safety information
	; Radioactive
GHS hazard labeling ; no classification available
GHS hazard labeling ; no classification available
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Berkelium (III) fluoride is a chemical compound consisting of the elements berkelium and fluorine . It has the formula BkF ₃ and belongs to the fluoride class of substances .

properties

Berkelium (III) fluoride is a yellow-green solid and has two crystalline structures that are temperature-dependent. At low temperatures the orthorhombic structure ( YF ₃ -type) can be found with a = 670 pm , b = 709 pm and c = 441 pm as well as a density of 9.70 g cm ⁻³ . At higher temperatures it forms a trigonal system ( LaF ₃ type) with a = 697 pm and c = 714 pm and a density of 10.15 g · cm ⁻³ . Each berkelium nucleus is surrounded by nine fluorine nuclei in a distorted triple-capped trigonal-prismatic structure. The transition temperature of BkF ₃ is in the range from 350 to 600 ° C.

use

The first samples of berkelium metal were produced in 1969 by reducing BkF ₃ at 1000 ° C with lithium in tantalum reaction apparatus .

{\ displaystyle {\ ce {BkF3 + 3 Li -> Bk + 3 LiF}}}

safety instructions

Classifications according to the CLP regulation are not available because they only include chemical hazard and play a completely subordinate role compared to the hazards based on radioactivity . The latter also only applies if the amount of substance involved is relevant.

Individual evidence

↑ Berkelium (III) fluoride at www.webelements.com.
^ ^A ^b J. R. Peterson, BB Cunningham: Crystal Structures and Lattice Parameters of the Compounds of Berkelium IV. Berkelium Trifluoride , in: J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. , 1968 , 30 (7), pp. 1775-1784 ( doi : 10.1016 / 0022-1902 (68) 80353-7 ).
↑ The hazards emanating from radioactivity do not belong to the properties to be classified according to the GHS labeling. With regard to other hazards, this substance has either not yet been classified or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.
↑ DD Ensor, JR Peterson, RG Haire, JP Young: Absorption Spectrophotometric Study of Berkelium (III) and (IV) Fluorides in the Solid State , in: J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. , 1981 , 43 (5), pp. 1001-1003 ( doi : 10.1016 / 0022-1902 (81) 80164-9 ).
↑ Joseph Richard Peterson: The Solution Absorption Spectrum of Bk ³⁺ and the Crystallography of Berkelium Dioxide, Sesquioxide, Trichloride, Oxychloride, and Trifluoride , Ph.D. Thesis, October 1967, US Atomic Energy Commission Document Number UCRL-17875 (1967).
↑ JR Peterson, JA Fahey, RD Baybarz: The Crystal Structures and Lattice Parameters of Berkelium Metal , in: J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. , 1971 , 33 (10), pp. 3345-3351 ( doi : 10.1016 / 0022-1902 (71) 80656-5 ).

literature

David E. Hobart, Joseph R. Peterson: Berkelium , in: Lester R. Morss, Norman M. Edelstein, Jean Fuger (Eds.): The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements , Springer, Dordrecht 2006; ISBN 1-4020-3555-1 , pp. 1444-1498 ( doi : 10.1007 / 1-4020-3598-5_10 ).

[1] Berkelium (III) fluoride at www.webelements.com.

[BKF3_1968-2] A ^b J. R. Peterson, BB Cunningham: Crystal Structures and Lattice Parameters of the Compounds of Berkelium IV. Berkelium Trifluoride , in: J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. , 1968 , 30 (7), pp. 1775-1784 ( doi : 10.1016 / 0022-1902 (68) 80353-7 ).

[NV-3] The hazards emanating from radioactivity do not belong to the properties to be classified according to the GHS labeling. With regard to other hazards, this substance has either not yet been classified or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.

[4] DD Ensor, JR Peterson, RG Haire, JP Young: Absorption Spectrophotometric Study of Berkelium (III) and (IV) Fluorides in the Solid State , in: J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. , 1981 , 43 (5), pp. 1001-1003 ( doi : 10.1016 / 0022-1902 (81) 80164-9 ).

[PETERSON_THESIS-5] Joseph Richard Peterson: The Solution Absorption Spectrum of Bk ³⁺ and the Crystallography of Berkelium Dioxide, Sesquioxide, Trichloride, Oxychloride, and Trifluoride , Ph.D. Thesis, October 1967, US Atomic Energy Commission Document Number UCRL-17875 (1967).

[BK_CRYS-6] JR Peterson, JA Fahey, RD Baybarz: The Crystal Structures and Lattice Parameters of Berkelium Metal , in: J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. , 1971 , 33 (10), pp. 3345-3351 ( doi : 10.1016 / 0022-1902 (71) 80656-5 ).