Berlin jewel beetle
| Berlin jewel beetle | ||||||||||||
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Berlin jewel beetle |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Dicerca berolinensis | ||||||||||||
| ( Autumn , 1779) |
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| Fig. 1: Top view | Fig. 2: side view |
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| Fig. 3: from the front | Fig. 4: underside |
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| Fig. 5: Front chest | Fig. 6: Larva |
The Berlin jewel beetle ( Dicerca berolinensis ) is also called the corner-spotted tooth-wing jewel beetle . It is a beetle from the family of the jewel beetle and the subfamily of Buprestinae . The rare beetle is threatened with extinction or at least endangered in some areas. It is accordingly under protection and represents a type of umbrella, because with the protection of the biotopes in which the beetle occurs, other rare animal species are protected at the same time. The Berlin jewel beetle is not easy to distinguish from the great alder beetle ( Dicerca alni ).
The scientific name of the genus Dicerca is from Altgr. δι dí "two" and κέρκος kérkos "tail" derived and refers to the fact that the tail-like elongated ends of the wing covers of the species more or less gape apart (Fig. 5). The species name berolinensis ( Latin ) was chosen from autumn 1779 for the first description after a specimen found near Berlin . The part of the name "eckfleckig" refers to the rows of rectangular spots that are created by the structure of the wing coverts; the part of the name "Zahnflügel" alludes to the serrated tips of the wings.
Characteristics of the beetle
The 20 to 24 millimeter long body shows the typical inverted tapered shape of the jewel beetle. It is bronze or greenish on the upper side and more or less dark metallic shiny, on the underside (Fig. 4) copper-red colored. The head and pronotum in particular are very coarse and irregular, sometimes with wrinkled dots. The males are characterized by strong antennae and a large tooth on the inside of the central rail in front of the center. This tooth is missing in the females and the antennae are thinner.
The mouthparts with the strong upper jaws point downwards at an angle. The feelers are bluntly cut inside. At a distance from one another, they are deflected into clear antennae sockets in front of the eyes.
The sides of the pronotum are mostly slightly outwards, slightly curved inwards near the base, the front edge is narrower than the base. In the middle of the rear edge there are two point-shaped dimples, almost confluent. The central furrow of the pronotum is usually less clearly developed in the Berlin jewel beetle than in the great alder beetle.
The wing covers have clear, slightly raised, smooth rectangular surfaces arranged in longitudinal stripes, which are slightly darker in color (name). Regardless of the stripes, they are irregularly dotted . The puncture of Dicerca berolinensis and Dicerca alni can only be distinguished by direct comparison . In Dicerca alni the puncture is arranged more in stripes than in Dicerca berolinensis . In the Berlin jewel beetle, the dots are only clearly arranged in rows near the seam , they are dissolved towards the edge. In addition, the puncture in Dicerca alni is somewhat coarser than in Dicerca berolinensis . The wing coverts are elongated at the back for a short tail. The tips of the wing covers are edged and the outer and inner corners of the edging are clearly tooth-like. The label is small and rounded, but clearly visible.
The front chest is widened backwards between the front hips (prosternal process). The prosternal process is clearly deepened and punctured in the middle, its lateral edge smooth, shiny and raised (Fig. 5). The tarsi are five-limbed, the claws imperforate.
biology
The larvae (Fig. 6) develop in old red beeches or hornbeams in original forests (primeval forest relic). They do not drill under the bark, but deep in the sapwood of the trunk and thicker branches, especially in the crown area in primeval beech-rich deciduous forests or oak-hornbeam forests. The wood must be dry and sunlit. The damage caused is small because of the rarity of the beetle.
The species is one of the dead wood inhabitants, but it only develops in standing, sunny, dying, not lying wood. Development takes two to three years in warmer countries and three to four years in temperate zones. The warmth-loving beetles only hatch at a wood temperature of 30 ° C. The loopholes are lens-shaped with a height of five to seven millimeters and a width of eight to eleven millimeters.
The beetles appear at the end of May and can be found until September. In midsummer they walk slowly around damaged trees in the midday heat. If there is a fault, they let themselves go. They don't like to be blown up.
distribution
The species is widespread in southern central Europe in the plain and up to 1000 m high. The distribution area extends from France to western Siberia. From Germany there are more recent reports (from 1950) from Baden-Württemberg , Hesse , Rhineland-Palatinate , Bavaria and Brandenburg . The beetle no longer occurs in the Berlin urban area and the surrounding areas.
literature
- Heinz Joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse: The beetles of Central Europe . tape 6 : Diversicornia . Spectrum, Heidelberg 1979, ISBN 3-87263-027-X .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Kurt Lampert: Pictures from the life of the Käfer, Series A, Volume 2, Strecker & Schröder, Stuttgart 1909
- ↑ a b Dicerca berolinensis in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved February 6, 2011
- ↑ List of the animal species protected in the Swiss Confederation
- ↑ a b Jörg Müller: A Berliner in the Steigerwald. "Forest Science Practice LWF 53/2006 in Waldwissen.net
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names
- ↑ Horion: "Faunistics of the Central European Beetles Volume 6. Lamellicornia." Überlingen 1958
- ↑ Müller, Bußler, Bense, Brustel, Flechtner, Fowels, Kahlen, Möller, Mühle, Schmidl, Zabransky: Urwald relict species, Saproxylic beetles indicating structural qualities and habitat tradition. Waldoekologie online, issue 2, pp. 106–113 Freising, October 2005 PDF
- ↑ a b Polish coleopterological website
- ↑ Leitenpost Nr.1 2014. Retrieved on December 9, 2018 .
- ↑ Georg Möller: Recording of the FFH wood beetle species in the Berlin forest Grunewald and in the NSG Pfaueninsel with additional information from a nature conservation / ecological point of view PDF
