Berthold Hatschek

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Berthold Hatschek (1910)

Berthold Hatschek (born April 3, 1854 in Kirwein , Moravia , † January 18, 1941 in Vienna ) was an Austrian zoologist .

Life

Hatschek was a student of the zoologists Carl Claus in Vienna, Ernst Haeckel in Jena and Rudolf Leuckart in Leipzig. After completing his studies, he drew attention to himself in particular by working in the field of embryology. In 1878, for example, he hypothesized that molluscs (Mollusca) and annelids (Annelida) are closely related in phylogenetic terms, since both groups of animals originate from a similar larval type . For the type, he coined the name Trochophora , which has survived into the 21st century. His trochophora hypothesis itself has also found increasing support, not least through molecular genetic work from the 1990s. In 1886 Hatschek was elected a member of the Leopoldina .

In 1885 to the chair of zoology at Charles University in Prague called he dealt increasingly with morphological issues and worked through various worm groups, bryozoans , but also chordates . In this area he was particularly interested in the skullless lancet fish of the genus Branchiostoma , then still known under the name Amphioxus .

In agreement with prominent colleagues such as Karl Ernst von Baer (1792–1876) and Anton Dohrn (1840–1909), he considered a development of vertebrates from annelid worms to be plausible. At first this theory did not prevail; only with the advent of comparative developmental genetics (so-called evo-devo research) is it seriously discussed again.

In his three-volume “Textbook of Zoology” published from 1888 to 1891, he was responsible for separating the rib jellyfish (Ctenophora) from the only superficially similar cnidarians (Cnidaria) in a separate animal strain. This view only slowly gained acceptance in the 20th century, but has been established since the beginning of the 21st century.

As a zoologist, Hatschek was a member of the scientific staff of the second "Pola" expedition in the eastern Mediterranean (July 22nd to September 9th, 1891). However, he did not participate in the scientific processing of the expedition results. The "Pola", a ship of the Austro-Hungarian Navy, had been equipped for the research trips.

In 1896 Hatschek was appointed to the chair of his former teacher, Carl Claus, and thus became head of the II. Zoological Comparative Anatomical Institute at the University of Vienna . However, he was not able to meet the high expectations associated with his person in the period that followed, as he was increasingly plagued by depression from 1918 onwards , which intensified so much after the First World War that he hardly published any results of his work.

After the National Socialists marched into Austria on March 12, 1938, he was relieved of his post on April 22 at the instigation of the Austrian Ministry of Education. The 86-year-old was deported from his apartment three years later, but died that same year in Vienna (January 18, 1941, buried on January 23, 1941, Vienna Central Cemetery 1. Gate / Group 19 / Row 1 / Grave 104).

Fonts

  • The new zoological system. Engelmann, Leipzig 1911.
  • The acromerite of Amphioxus. Engelmann, Leipzig 1906.
  • Organic Inheritance Hypothesis. Engelmann, Leipzig 1905.
  • Elementary course in zootomy in fifteen lectures. Fischer, Jena 1896.
  • The Amphioxus and its development. Swan & Sunshine, London 1893.
  • Textbook of Zoology. Fischer, Jena 1888–91.
  • On the development of the head of Polygordius . 1885.
  • On the development of Sipunculus nudus . 1883.
  • Studies on the development of the Amphioxus. Hölder, Vienna 1881.
  • About the development history of Teredo. Hölder, Vienna 1880.
  • Studies on the history of the development of the annelids. Hölder, Vienna 1878.
  • Contributions to the history of the development of the lepidoptera: observations and reflections. PhD thesis, University of Leipzig 1877; Pätz, Naumburg 1877.

literature

Web links

Commons : Berthold Hatschek  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Berthold Hatschek  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Berthold Hatschek: Studies on the history of the development of Amphioxus. In: Arbeitsberichte Zool Inst Univ Wien 4, 1882.
  2. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from October 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / bibliothek.univie.ac.at
  3. ↑ Berthold Hatschek: The metamerism of Amphioxus and Ammocoetes. In: Anatomischer Anzeiger Suppl 7, 1892: 136–162.
  4. ^ Günther Schefbeck: The Austro-Hungarian Deep Sea Expeditions 1890–1898. Weishaupt, Graz 1991. ISBN 3-900310-79-3 . There part III, 1b: The second journey (1891). Pp. 124-136.
  5. ↑ "SMS Pola" - not to be confused with the four-master Pola (ship, 1916) built later .
  6. ↑ http://www.dieuniversitaet-online.at/dossiers/beitrag/news/die-zoologische-sammlung/319.html
personal data
SURNAME Hatschek, Berthold
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian zoologist
DATE OF BIRTH April 3, 1854
PLACE OF BIRTH Kirwein , Moravia
DATE OF DEATH January 18, 1941
Place of death Vienna