Erman's birch

Erman's birch
	Erman's Birch ( Betula ermanii )
Systematics
	Eurosiden I
Order :	Beech-like (Fagales)
Family :	Birch family (Betulaceae)
Genre :	Birch trees ( betula )
Section :	Costatae
Type :	Erman's birch
Scientific name
	Betula ermanii
	Cham.

View from the Kimpi summit in the Okuchichibu mountains to Honshu with many Ermans birch trees in autumn leaves

Detail of the bark

Erman's birch ( Betula ermanii ), also gold birch or Kamchatka birch , is a deciduous tree from the birch genus ( Betula ).

description

Erman's birch is a deciduous tree that reaches heights of between 4 and 12 meters. Specimens rarely reach extreme values of up to 20 meters. The bark is yellow-white and rolling. The bark of young twigs is bare but with glandular warts and an orange color.

The stalked leaves are broadly ovate. On both sides of the leaf blade there are between seven and eleven side veins that give the leaf a rib-like surface. The veins on the top of the leaf are more or less deeply sunk. The leaf blade is 5 to 8 inches long, 4 to 6 inches wide and pointed long. The base of the blade is truncated to heart-shaped. The leaf surface is leathery. The leaf margin roughly sawn. The blade is glandular on both sides and hairy only on the veins, with axillary beards on the underside. The leaf stalks are between 1.5 and 2.5 inches long and warty.

The flowering period begins in May. The single and upright kitten-shaped inflorescences are egg-shaped with a length of 2 to 3 centimeters and a diameter of about 1.5 centimeters.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 56, less often 63.

distribution

The species is very cold tolerant. In Russia, Erman's birch is found in southern Siberia, Buryatia and Transbaikalia as well as in Sakha , Kamchatka and Sakhalin . The species is also common on the Kuriles .

In the People's Republic of China, the distribution area extends over the provinces of Heilongjiang , Jilin , Liaoning and the autonomous region of Inner Mongolia .

In Japan the species is common on Hokkaidō , Honshū , Shikoku . Further occurrences can be found in Korea .

Systematics

One can distinguish between two varieties:

Betula ermanii var. Ermanii : It occurs from Russia's Far East to Japan.
Betula ermanii var. Lanata rule (Syn .: Betula lanata (rule) VNVassil. ): It occurs from Siberia to Far Eastern Russia and China.

literature

Jost Fitschen : Woody flora . 8th edition. Quelle & Meyer, Heidelberg 1987, ISBN 978-3-494-01151-6 .

Individual evidence

↑ Betula ermanii at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
↑ ^a ^b ^c Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Betula - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on January 10, 2017.

Web links

Commons : Ermans Birch ( Betula ermanii ) - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Description in the Flora of China. (engl.)
Entry in the Plants for a Future Database (English)
Profile on baumkunde.de (German)

[IPCN-1] Betula ermanii at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[WCSP-2] Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Betula - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on January 10, 2017.